竹类植物在北京地区的抗寒性分析与评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Cold Resistance of Bamboos in Beijing

为了探索竹类植物在北京地区的抗寒性及园林应用前景,运用层次分析法(AHP)和K-means聚类分析法对北京植物园60种竹类植物进行了抗寒性分析与评价。评价模型由适应性、更新能力和观赏性3个评价准则及相关的11个评价因子构成。结果表明:评价等级为Ⅰ级竹类植物28种,包括安吉金竹、阔叶箬竹、金镶玉竹、早园竹、鹅毛竹等,占总数的46.7%,这类植物抗寒性强,在北京地区可广泛推广应用;Ⅱ级竹类植物11种,包括白哺鸡竹、善变箬竹、髯毛箬竹等,占总数的18.3%,这类植物有一定抗寒性,可适当推广应用;Ⅲ级竹类植物17种,包括黄槽斑竹、美丽箬竹等,这类植物抗寒性一般,需要在特定的环境中应用;Ⅳ级竹类植物4种,包括白纹东根笹、对花竹、黄皮绿筋竹等,这类植物抗寒性差,可在特定条件下小面积栽植。

In order to explore the cold resistance and garden application prospect of bamboo plants in Beijing area, the cold resistance of 60 bamboo plants in Beijing Botanical Garden was analyzed and evaluated by AHP and K-means clustering analysis. The evaluation model consists of three evaluation criteria, namely adaptability, renewal ability and ornamental characteristics, and 11 related evaluation factors. The results showed that there were 28 bamboos rated as grade Ⅰ, accounting for 46.7% of the total, including Phyllostachys parvifolia, Indocalamus latifolius, Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.spectabilis, etc. These plants have strong cold resistance and can be widely applied in Beijing. There were 11 bamboos rated as grade Ⅱ, accounting for 18.3% of the total, including Phyllostachys dulcis,Indocalamus varius,Indocalamus barbatus,ect. This kind of plant had a certain cold resistance, can be properly popularized and applied. There were 17 bamboos rated as grade Ⅲ, including Phyllostachys bambusoides ‘Mixta’, Indocalamus decorus,ect. These plants had moderate cold resistance and need to be applied in specific environments. There were only 4 kinds of bamboos in grade Ⅳ, including Pleioblastus chino ‘Angustifolius’, Phyllostachys bambusoides ‘Dui Hua Zhu’, etc. These plants had poor cold resistance and can be planted in a small area under speific conditions.