翻耕深度配施生物有机肥对烤烟根际土壤细菌群落结构及产质量的影响

Effects of Tillage Depth Combined with Biological Organic Fertilizer on Bacterial Community Structure in Rhizosphere Soil,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为探讨不同翻耕深度配施生物有机肥对烤烟产质量的影响,采用大田试验方式,设置翻耕深度与生物有机肥施用量2个因素,研究不同翻耕深度配施不同量生物有机肥对烤烟根际土壤细菌群落结构、烤烟生长发育、抗病性及产量产值的影响。结果表明,深翻70~80 cm烤烟生育期延长,赤星病发病较重;深翻50~60 cm处理黑胫病、赤星病发病降低,深翻30~40 cm处理黑胫病发病较重。深翻30~40、50~60 cm后并未造成烟株农艺性状改变。A_(2)-2处理提高了烟株根际土壤中的细菌群落多样性和丰富度,Chao1指数与Shannon指数较对照分别提升了13.11%、4.63%。同时,A_(2)-2处理经济性状表现最优,上等烟比例、产值分别达73.04%、56734.20元/hm^(2)。综合考虑,深翻50~60 cm配施有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+发酵饼肥750 kg/hm^(2)为宜。

In order to explore the effect of different tillage depth combined with biological organic fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco,the effects of different tillage depth combined with different amount of biological organic fertilizer on bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil,growth and development,disease resistance and yield of flue-cured tobacco were studied by field experiment.The results showed that the growth of 70-80 cm was prolonged and the incidence rate of brown spot was relatively heavy.The incidence rate of black shank and brown spot disease was reduced by deep turning 50-60 cm,and the incidence rate of black shank disease was higher in deep turning 30-40 cm.The agronomic characters of tobacco plants were normal after 30-40 and 50-60 cm deep turning.A_(2)-2 treatment improved the diversity and richness of bacterial community in tobacco rhizosphere soil.Chao1 index and Shannon index increased by 13.11%and 4.63%respectively compared with the control.At the same time,the economic characters of A_(2)-2 treatment were the best,and the proportion of top-grade tobacco and average output value per mu reached 73.04%and 56734.20 yuan/hm^(2)respectively.Comprehensively considered,it is appropriate to turn 50-60 cm deep and apply 3000 kg/hm^(2)organic fertilizer+750 kg/hm^(2)fermented cake fertilizer.