林下6种药用植物的耐阴性比较

Comparison of Shade Tolerance of Six Medicinal Plants under Forest

[目的]了解林下不同种类药用植物的耐阴性。[方法]在内丘县东秋村中药材野生生长基地选取药用价值较高的苍术、黄精、桔梗、射干、紫苏、玉竹6种林下药用植物为研究对象,测定植物叶片的光合参数指标和光合色素含量,同时利用最邻近聚类法对植物叶片光合色素含量和光合参数指标进行分析。[结果]在相同林下环境生长的6种植物中,紫苏的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率最大,桔梗的净光合速率次之,射干的净光合速率和水分利用效率最小;叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量从高到低依次为黄精、桔梗、紫苏、玉竹、苍术、射干;综合聚类分析植物的耐阴程度,6种植物可分为3类,第1类为耐阴性较强的黄精、桔梗,第2类为耐阴性一般的玉竹、紫苏和苍术,第3类为耐阴性较弱的射干。[结论]在林下药用植物经营管理过程中应适当保护并种植黄精和桔梗。

[Objective]To understand the shade tolerance of different kinds of medicinal plants under the forest.[Method]Six under-forest herbs with high medicinal value,including Atractylodes chinensis,Polygonatum sibiricum,Platycodon grandiflorum,Belamcanda chinensis,Perilla frutescens and Polygonatum odoratu,were selected from the wild growth base of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Dongqiu Village,Neiqiu County.Taking plants as the research object,the photosynthetic parameter indexes and photosynthetic pigment contents of plant leaves were determined,and the photosynthetic pigment contents and photosynthetic parameter indexes of plant leaves were analyzed by the nearest neighbor clustering method.[Result]Among the six plants growing under the same forest environment,the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate of Perilla frutescens were the largest,followed by the net photosynthetic rate of Platycodon grandiflorum,and the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Belamcanda chinensis were the smallest.The contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids from high to low were Polygonatum sibiricum,Platycodon grandiflorum,Perilla frutescens,Polygonatum odoratum,Atractylodes chinensis,Belamcanda chinensis.According to the comprehensive cluster analysis of the shade tolerance of plants,the six plants can be divided into three categories.The first category was Polygonatum sibiricum and Platycodon grandiflorum with strong negative resistance,the second category was Polygonatum odoratum,Perilla frutescens and Atractylodes chinensis with general negative resistance,and the third category was Belamcanda chinensis with weak negative resistance.[Conclusion]Polygonatum sibiricum and Platycodon grandiflorum should be properly protected and planted during the management and management of medicinal plants under forest.