修剪时间对热农1号芒果新梢生长和产量的影响

Effects of Pruning Dates on the Shoot Growth and Yield of Renong No.1 Mango

为了确定干热河谷地区芒果采果后合适的回缩修剪时间,以热农1号芒果为试验材料,设置采果后6个不同回缩修剪时间(6月15日、6月30日、7月15日、7月30日、8月15日、8月30日),以不修剪为对照(CK),研究了采果后不同回缩修剪时间对新梢生长发育、开花和产量的影响。结果表明:新梢抽梢数量和生长状况以及花序数量、花序生长状况和产量指标基本上是随着修剪时间的推迟呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,且均在7月15日修剪时达到最大值,其抽梢率为84.26%,新梢抽梢次数、新梢长、新梢茎径和叶片数分别为2.44次、46.27 cm、8.74 mm和30.84片,叶片长和叶片宽分别为27.50和6.83 cm,花序数为2.33枝,花梢比达100%,花序长和茎径粗分别为30.36 cm和26.25 mm,单株挂果数、单株产量和单果重分别为117.33个、28.63 kg和244.01 g;主要性状指标的相关性分析结果表明,培养强壮的新梢有利于花序生长健壮,花序生长健壮有利于产量提高。因此,热农1号芒果在7月15日进行回缩修剪最有利于培养强壮新梢、健壮花序和提高产量。

To determine the optimum postharvest pruning date of Renong No.1 mango in the dry-hot valley,six pruning dates(treatments A-F)were set with no pruning as the control(CK),and their effects on the growth and development of new shoots,flowering and yield were investigated.The results showed that the number and growth of new shoots germinated,the number and growth of inflorescences,and yield indicators basically increased first and then decreased with the delay of pruning time;all of them reached the maximum values when the pruning was arranged on July 15(treatment C);in detail,treatment C exhibited a 84.26%shooting rate,2.44 times of new shoots sprouting per branch,46.27 cm shoot length,8.74 mm shoot diameter,30.84 leaves per shoot,27.50 cm leaf length,6.83 cm leaf width,2.33 inflorescences per branch,a 100%flowering branches to total branches ratio,30.36 cm inflorescence length,26.25 mm stem diameter,117.33 fruits per tree,28.63 kg fruit yield per tree and 244.01 g single fruit weight.The correlation analysis of major trait indicators found that the yield was significantly positively correlated with the length and diameter of inflorescence,meanwhile the length and diameter of inflorescence were significantly positively correlated with the length and diameter of new shoots.Accordingly,breeding lusty shoots is benificial to obtaining healthy and strong inflorescences,thereby making the yield increase.So,July 15 is the optimum pruning date for Renong No.1 mango after fruit harvest to breed robust shoots and inflorescences with higher yields in the dry-hot valley.