“功”“过”交织:“职业教育作为类型教育”的辩证认识——高等教育层次的视角

Superposition of Merits and Demerits:A Dialectical Understanding of Vocational Education as Type Education

在高等教育层次,职业教育是不同于普通教育的教育类型的认识并非自然而然产生,而是历经了实践探索和理论研究,并先后经教育政策和法律确认。职业教育作为类型教育,一方面,优势是明显的:促使职业教育纵向贯通并完善职业教育体系,促使职业教育形成独立的行政管理体制,促使职业教育探索个性化的教育改革。另一方面,弊端和风险也是存在的:容易引起职业教育体系的封闭,造成教育属性的缺位,忽视教育多样化建设。前者为人所知晓,后者往往被遮蔽或忽视。推进职业教育健康可持续发展,需要从更开放、更全面、更宽广的视角来认识类型教育,并针对弊端和风险采取积极行动。

At the level of higher education,the recognition that vocational education is different from general education does not come into being naturally,but has gone through practical exploration and theoretical research,and has been confirmed by education policies and laws.As type education,vocational education should be recognized dialectically.On the one hand,it can promote the vertical connection of vocational education and improve vocational education system,promote the formation of an independent administrative system of vocational education,and prompt vocational education to explore personalized education reform.On the other hand,it also leads to the closure of the vocational education system,resulting in the absence of educational attributes and the neglect of the construction of educational diversity.The former is known,while the latter is often obscured or ignored.To promote the healthy and sustainable development of vocational education,we need to understand type education from a more open,more comprehensive and broader perspective,and take positive actions against the risks and demerits.