产业集聚、城市集聚与绿色全要素生产率——以长江经济带城市群为例

INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION,URBAN AGGLOMERATION AND GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY:A CASE STUDY OF CITY CLUSTERS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC BELT

绿色全要素生产率兼顾经济绩效和环境绩效,能够全面系统地反映国家、地区绿色经济综合竞争能力。本文利用Global Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数法测算国家“环境统计报表制度”中工业污染源重点调查企业的绿色全要素生产率,以长江经济带城市群为例探究产业集聚、城市集聚及其耦合机制对绿色全要素生产率的影响,并运用面板工具变量法进行实证分析,以解决三者之间的内生性问题。研究结果表明:1)产业集聚对江浙沪城市群、武汉城市群、长株潭城市群、成渝城市群绿色全要素生产率呈现出先抑制、后促进的“U”型影响。2)城市集聚对长株潭城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群、江淮城市群绿色全要素生产率呈现出先促进、后抑制的倒“U”型影响。3)产业集聚与城市集聚的耦合机制对江淮城市群、环鄱阳湖城市群绿色全要素生产率呈现出负向影响作用。研究结论:1)产业集聚与绿色全要素生产率之间呈现出先促进、后抑制的倒“U”型关系;城市集聚与绿色全要素生产率之间呈现出先抑制、后促进的“U”型关系。2)从耦合效应来看,产业集聚与城市集聚的耦合机制对绿色全要素生产率存在显著的负向影响。3)从产业集聚对绿色全要素生产率影响的内在路径来看,产业集聚主要通过促进技术效率的提高来推动绿色全要素生产率的提升。4)从产业异质性来看,清洁型产业集聚对绿色全要素生产率的促进作用不显著,污染型产业集聚对绿色全要素生产率的影响呈现出先促进、后抑制的倒“U”型特点;城市集聚对清洁型产业绿色全要素生产率的影响呈现出先抑制、后促进的“U”型特征,对污染型产业绿色全要素生产率的影响不显著。5)从城市群异质性来看,产业集聚、城市集聚及其耦合机制对长江经济带各城市群绿色全要素生产率的影响差异较大。

Green total factor productivity covers both economic performance and environmental performance,systematically marking the comprehensive competitiveness of green economy of a country or an area.This paper uses the Global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index method to measure the green total factor productivity of the key industrial pollution source survey enterprises listed in the national“Environmental Statistics Report System”,taking the city clusters of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example,explores the impacts of industrial agglomeration,urban agglomeration and their coupling mechanism on green total factor productivity,and uses panel tool variable method for empirical analysis to solve the endogenous problem among the three.The industrial agglomeration has a U-shaped effect on the green total factor productivity of Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai city cluster,Wuhan city cluster,Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster,Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster,which first inhibits and then promotes.Urban agglomeration has an inverted U-shape effect on the green total factor productivity of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan city cluster,Poyang Lake city cluster and Jianghuai city cluster,which is promoted first and then inhibited.The coupling mechanism of industrial agglomeration and urban agglomeration has a negative effect on the green total factor productivity of Jianghuai city cluster and Poyang Lake city cluster.It is concluded that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between industrial agglomeration and green total factor productivity,which is promoted first and inhibited later.There is a U-shaped relationship between urban agglomeration and green total factor productivity,which first inhibits and then promotes.From the coupling effect,the coupling mechanism of industrial agglomeration and urban agglomeration has a significant negative impact on green total factor productivity.Industrial agglomeration promotes green total factor productivity chiefly via technical efficiency,as an inner way.From the perspective of industrial heterogeneity,the promotion effect of clean industrial agglomeration on green total factor productivity is not significant,while the impact of pollution industrial agglomeration on green total factor productivity shows an inverted U-shaped characteristic of promotion first and inhibition later.The impact of urban agglomeration on green total factor productivity of clean industries shows a U-shaped feature of inhibition first and promotion later,but little on the pollution industry.From the perspective of city cluster heterogeneity,the impacts of industrial agglomeration,urban agglomeration and their coupling mechanism on the green total factor productivity of city clusters in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are quite different.