东北三省城市建设用地结构演变及影响因素分析

ANALYSIS ON THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF URBAN CONSTRUCTION LAND IN THE THREE NORTHEASTERN PROVINCES

为了深入剖析城市建设用地结构演变,揭示建设用地结构演变机制,明确建设用地合理配置路径,从而为我国东北三省制定城市规划和土地供应计划提供科学的理论支撑与政策建议。本文依据《城市建设统计年鉴》,首先将城市建设用地类型整理归并为R类用地(居住用地)、M类用地(物流仓储用地、工业用地)、C类用地(公共管理与公共服务用地、商业服务业设施用地、公用设施用地)、S类用地(道路交通设施用地、绿地与广场用地);其次利用信息熵和偏离-份额分析法,结合GIS空间分析,对东北三省34座城市的建设用地结构演变进行深入研究。研究结果显示:1)2002年以来东北三省城市建设用地规模逐年增加,年平均增长率达到4.14%,其中以C类、S类用地贡献最大,用地占比与2002年相比分别增加了3.29%和5.51%。R类用地在4类城市建设用地类型中增幅最小,且呈不断下降趋势。2)M类、C类、S类用地的偏离分量对份额分量起到正向调整作用的城市数量明显增加,促进了东北三省城市建设用地结构合理化。2012年之后东北三省城市建设用地结构变化较小,4类用地比例关系相对稳定。3)产业结构升级与城市交通水平、城市居住条件的改善对东北三省城市建设用地结构演变具有显著的正向驱动作用。4)合理的城市建设用地结构可以提升城市功能,充分发挥城市建设用地综合利用效率,有利于推动现代化新型城市建设。为使我国东北三省城市建设用地结构更加趋于合理,在制定相关政策时应当因市施策,根据不同类型城市建设用地需求调整用地政策,应充分供应具有增长优势的用地类型,压缩严重过剩的用地类型并且盘活存量。

This paper aims at studying the structural evolution of urban construction land and its mechanism and at allocating appropriate construction land,and presents theoretical supports and policy suggestions for the Three Northeastern Provinces to make urban land planning.Urban construction land is divided into Category R(residential),Category M(logistic warehouse and industrial),Category C(public management and public services,commercial service,public infrastructure),Category S(road,green land and square land)according to“Urban Construction Statistics Yearly”.Information entropy and shift-share analysis are employed to study their construction land structural evolution in 34 Northeastern cities by means of GIS spatial analysis.Since 2002,their construction land size has been rising at a annual rate 4.14%,most contributed by Categories C and S with increasement by 3.29%and 5.51%,respectively compared with 2002.Category R has a least increment among the four categories at a falling trend.Cities with shift effect positively adjusting role on share effect Categories M,C and S have significantly increased in counts,suggesting a rationalizing urban construction land structure in the Northeastern cities.Their construction land structure has had little change with a relatively stability in their proportions among the four categories since 2012.Improvements in industrial structural,urban transportation and urban residential conditions plays a strong role on construction land structural evolution in the Northeastern cities.Appropriate urban construction land structure may boost urban functionalities.Fulfilling comprehensive use efficiency of urban construction land can intensify a modern urban construction.This paper presents suggestions on making appropriate land use policies with priority on land types with growing advantages,diminishing excessive land types and activating the land stock for more rationalized construction land structure in the Northeastern cities.