土地要素市场化配置与畅通国民经济循环

Marketized Allocation of Land Factors and Smoothing the National Economic Circulation

对市场在土地要素配置中能否起决定作用的持久争论是土地制度改革滞后的重要原因。随着“土地—财政—金融”三位一体发展模式逐渐走入困局,深入推进土地要素市场化配置改革迫在眉睫。本文从畅通国民经济循环的宏观背景出发,阐明了市场决定条件下的国民经济循环逻辑和土地要素配置的关键作用,并分析了土地要素配置中政府过度干预导致产业结构和城乡发展失衡,进而引发供需结构脱节、国民经济循环受阻的作用机制。提出新时代推进土地要素市场化配置改革,应转变政府职能,发挥好三方面作用:当好土地市场发育的赋能师,担起土地市场失灵的补台责任,守好土地市场风险的安全阀。

The persistent debate on whether the market can play a decisive role in the allocation of land factors is an important reason for the delay of land system reform. With the trinity development model of “land-public finance-finance” gradually entering into a dilemma, it is urgent to promote the reform of marketized allocation of land factors. Starting from the macro background of smoothing the national economic circulation, this paper clarifies the logic of the national economic circulation and the key role of land factor allocation under the market-determined conditions, and analyzes the mechanism in which excessive government intervention in land factor allocation leads to the imbalance of industrial structure and urban-rural development, which in turn leads to the disconnection of supply and demand structure and the obstruction of the national economic circulation. It is proposed that in the new era, the government should transform its functions and play three roles: to be the empowerment of land market development, to take up the responsibility of mending the land market failure, and to guard the safety of land market risks.