黄河三角洲地区慢性萎缩性胃炎与饮食习惯的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of chronic atrophic gastritis and dietary habits in the Yellow River delta

目的了解黄河三角洲地区居民慢性胃炎患者的饮食习惯,分析慢性萎缩性胃炎与饮食习惯的相关性。方法采用横断面研究,选取2020年4月—2021年10月在黄河三角洲4家三级甲等医院消化内科门诊就诊并完成胃镜检查的509例慢性胃炎患者为研究对象,分为慢性非萎缩性胃炎(对照组)和慢性萎缩性胃炎(观察组),由经培训合格的调查员采用统一的调查问卷进行面对面调查,主要内容包括基本信息(年龄、性别、教育程度、体重、身高、家庭收入水平、劳动强度、吸烟及饮酒史)、健康状况(高血压、糖尿病、抗凝药物服用情况及胃癌家族史)以及各种饮食习惯和进食频率等。使用Stata 15.0软件进行统计分析,计数资料采用例(n)和百分比(%)进行描述,采用χ^(2)检验进行差异性分析;采用多因素logistic回归分析慢性萎缩性胃炎与饮食习惯的相关性,并计算趋势性P值。结果对照组和观察组在年龄、体重指数(BMI)、家庭收入水平、饮酒、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、高血压、服用抗凝药物、胃癌家族史的分布差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。慢性萎缩性胃炎患者腌渍食物、外卖/街边小吃、冷食和碳酸饮料摄入频率均显著高于慢性非萎缩性胃炎患者(P值均<0.05);口味偏咸、经常喝浓肉汤、从不吃热食以及常吃甜食与慢性萎缩性胃炎患病有关,并呈现出摄入频率的增加患病风险增加或下降的趋势(趋势性P值均<0.05)。结论黄河三角洲地区居民胃黏膜萎缩与饮食习惯相关,建议临床医生和营养师结合本地区地域特点,指导慢性胃炎患者建立良好的饮食习惯,进而为预防和控制慢性萎缩性胃炎的发生发展提供科学依据。

Objective This study was aimed to understand the dietary habits of patients with chronic gastritis in the Yellow River delta,and to analyze the correlation of chronic atrophic gastritis and dietary habits.Methods A cross-sectional study was adopted,and a total of 509 patients with chronic gastritis who underwent gastroscopy in four tertiary hospitals in the Yellow River delta between April 2020 and October 2021 were selected as the research subjects.The patients were divided into chronic non-atrophic gastritis(control group)and chronic atrophic gastritis(observation group),and face-to-face surveys with a unified questionnaire were conducted by trained and qualified investigators.The main content included basic information(age,sex,education level,body mass index,family income level,labor intensity,smoking and drinking history),health status(high blood pressure,diabetes,anticoagulant drug use and family history of gastric cancer)and various dietary habits and eating frequency,etc.The Stata 15.0 software was used for statistical analysis,the count data were described by cases(n)and percentages(%),and the χ^(2) test was used for difference analysis.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between chronic atrophic gastritis and eating habits,and trend P-value was calculated.Results There were significant differences between the control group and the observation group in age,body mass index(BMI),family income level,alcohol consumption,helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection,hypertension,taking anticoagulant drugs,and family history of gastric cancer(P<0.05).The intake frequency of pickled food,takeaway food/street snacks,cold food and carbonated drinks in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis were significantly higher than those with chronic non-atrophic gastritis(P<0.05).Salty taste,frequent thick broth,never ate hot food,and frequent sweets were positively correlated with to the incidence of chronic atrophic gastritis,and it showed a trend that the risk of disease increased or decreased with the increase of intake frequency(trend P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic atrophic gastritis of residents in the Yellow River delta is related to dietary habits.It is suggested that clinicians and nutritionists should guide patients with chronic gastritis to establish beneficial eating habits,so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the occurrence and further development of chronic atrophic gastritis.