2018—2020年江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡原因分析

Analysis on the causes of accidental death of children under 5 years old in Jiangsu Province,2018-2020

目的了解江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的情况及主要原因,分析婴儿意外窒息主要危险因素。方法通过“江苏省妇幼健康信息系统”收集2018—2020年5岁以下儿童意外死亡数据,将监测系统中由于意外伤害导致死亡的5岁以下儿童纳入本研究。使用Excel建立数据库,采用Stata16.0软件分析儿童意外死亡在不同年份、不同地区、不同人群、不同季节的分布。结果2018—2020年江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡率为95.92/10万,是5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,也是1~4岁儿童死亡的首因;江苏省5岁以下儿童意外死亡的前三位死因是意外窒息、溺水和交通意外,合计占总意外死亡的78.54%;其中婴儿意外死亡以意外窒息为主,占85.35%,多发于冬春季节,2018—2020年导致婴儿意外窒息死亡的主要危险因素是被子、乳汁、胃内容物或食物和母亲或父亲身体压迫;1~4岁儿童以溺水和交通意外为主,占63.36%,溺水多发于秋、春夏季,交通意外多发生于春季和夏季;苏南、苏中和苏北地区儿童意外死因顺位不同。结论降低5岁以下儿童意外死亡率需重点关注1~4岁儿童,针对不同地区、不同年龄段、不同季节的主要意外死因开展干预措施,重点防控婴儿的意外窒息和1~4岁儿童的溺水和交通意外。

Objective To understand the situation and main causes of accidental death among children under 5 years old in Jiangsu Province,and to analyze the main risk factors of accidental asphyxia among infants.Methods Data on accidental death among children under 5 years in 2018-2020 was collected through the Jiangsu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Information System,and the children under 5 years old who died due to accidental injuries in the monitoring system were included in this study.Excel was used to establish a database,and Stata16.0 software was used to analyze the distribution of accidental deaths of children by years,regions,populations and seasons.Results The accidental mortality rate of children under 5 was 95.92 per 100,000 in Jiangsu Province in 2018-2020.Accidents was the main cause of death for children under 5 years and the leading cause of death for children aged 1-4 years.The top three causes of accidental death of children under 5 years in Jiangsu Province accounted for 78.54%of the total accidental deaths,which includes accidental asphyxia,drowning and traffic accidents,Accidental asphyxia is the main cause of infant accidental death,accounting for 85.35%,which mostly occurred in winter and spring.The main risk factors for the death of infants by accidental asphyxia were quilts,breast milk,stomach contents or food,and physical pressure from the mother or father.Children aged 1-4 years are dominated by drowning and traffic accidents,accounting for 63.36%.Drowning mostly occurs in autumn,spring and summer,while traffic accidents mostly occur Spring and summer.In addition,the sequence of causes of accidental death of children under 5 years old varied by different regions.Conclusion To reduce the accidental mortality of children under 5 years old,it is necessary to focus on children aged 1-4 years.Intervention measures should be carried out according to the main causes of death by different regions,ages and seasons.We need to focus on preventing and controlling accidental asphyxia in infant,and prevent children from 1-4 years old from drowning and traffic accidents.