城市疫情易感社区影响因素及其引致路径研究——一项定性比较分析

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCING FACTORS OF URBAN EPIDEMIC-SUSCEPTIBLE COMMUNITIES AND THEIR CAUSAL PATHWAYS: A QUALITATIVE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

采用定性比较分析法,以新冠肺炎疫情防控期间武汉市24个社区为案例,基于韧性视角,通过构建社区韧性评估框架,探讨影响城市社区有效应对突发疫情的关键变量及变量间的可能性因果条件组合路径。研究发现,边缘性社区、陌生人社区和低效能社区的社区韧性较低。疫情最容易在缺乏空间韧性且弱势群体聚居区即缺乏资本韧性的贫困社区爆发,但如果缺乏空间韧性、社会韧性和治理韧性,中产乃至富人阶层聚居社区也有可能成为疫情爆发地;而低效能社区的出现则表明即使社区充满空间韧性,又非弱势群体聚居区,如果缺乏充足的社会韧性和治理韧性,集体行动效能低下,也会成为高风险社区。空间韧性而非资本韧性构成风险易感社区的关键影响维度,社会韧性和治理韧性的双重不足是这些社区的核心特征。

Using a qualitative comparative analysis method,this paper analyzes 24communities in Wuhan City during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic based on a resilience perspective,in order to explore the key variables affecting the effective response of urban communities to the outbreak,and the paths of possible causal condition combinations among the variables by developing a community resilience assessment framework.The study finds that community resilience is lower in marginal communities,stranger communities,and ineffective communities.Epidemics are most likely to break out in poor communities that lack spatial resilience and are populated by vulnerable groups,i.e.,capital resilience is lacked,but middle-and even wealthy-class populated communities may also become outbreak sites if they lack spatial,social,and governance resilience;while the emergence of ineffective communities suggests that even if communities are full of spatial resilience and are not populated by vulnerable groups,if they lack sufficient social and governance resilience,and are ineffective in collective actions,they can also become high-risk communities.Spatial resilience rather than capital resilience constitutes the key impact dimension of risk-susceptible communities,and the lack of both social resilience and governance resilience is a core characteristic of these communities.