星载激光测高技术在测绘中的应用和发展

Application and Development of Laser Altimetry in Satellite Surveying and Mapping

激光测高技术在空间应用中具有重要科学意义和价值,在高精度卫星测绘系统中已得到应用验证,显著提升了立体影像的高程精度。目前对该技术相应的总结及分析较少,因此分析其应用和发展能为后续研究提供基础理论。文章简述了星载激光测高定位机理和误差源,并介绍了激光测高数据作为高程控制点的扩展应用方法。通过分析国外典型星载激光测高系统技术和发展脉络,对星载激光测高技术发展趋势及应用进行了总结,给出了适应不同任务需求的星载激光测高载荷的应用建议;对星载激光测高系统中所涉及的星载激光测距和激光指向测量技术及发展进行了分析和对比;最后,给出了国内星载激光测高技术的部分成果及研究进展。

Laser altimetry technology has important scientific significance and value in space applications.It has been applied and verified in high-precision satellite mapping systems, significantly improving the elevation accuracy of stereo images. At present, the corresponding summary and analysis of this technology are few, so analyzing its application and development can provide a brief overview and basic theory for follow-up research. This paper briefly describes the positioning mechanism and error sources of spaceborne laser altimetry,and introduces the extended application method of laser altimetry data as an elevation control point. By analyzing the technology and development context of typical foreign spaceborne laser altimetry systems, the development trend and application of spaceborne laser altimetry technology are summarized, and application suggestions for spaceborne laser altimetry payloads that meet different mission requirements are given. The technology and development of spaceborne laser ranging and laser pointing measurement involved in the spaceborne laser altimetry system are analyzed and compared. Finally, some achievements and research progress of domestic spaceborne laser altimetry technology are given.