平台经济中数据垄断的根源、途径与治理策略

The Roots, Approaches, and Governance Strategies of Data Monopoly in Platform Economy

由数据资本扩张引发的数据垄断问题日益成为制约平台经济健康发展的桎梏,亟需相应的解决方案。立足于马克思主义垄断理论,结合数据垄断现实,可探析平台经济中产生数据垄断的根源与途径。根源上,平台经济的内在特性促使用户与数据不断向头部平台集中进而形成垄断,但这一现实表象背后是资本逻辑下的数据竞争,根源于数据资本的逐利与扩张本性。途径上,数据垄断的形成条件表现为资本主导下的用户控制、算法控制与跨领域控制,基于控制权的获取使得数据资本通过积聚和集中达到其垄断与扩张目的。因此,需给出有针对性的监管策略和治理之法,以促进平台经济健康发展和资本有序扩张,这有助于推动国家治理体系、治理能力现代化顺利实现。

The problem of data monopoly triggered by the expansion of data capital has increasingly become a shackle restricting the healthy development of the platform economy, and corresponding solutions are urgently needed.Based on Marxist monopoly theory, combined with data monopoly practice, the paper explores the root causes and ways of data monopoly in the platform economy.At the root, the inherent characteristics of the platform economy prompt users and data to continue to concentrate on the head platform to form a monopoly, but behind this reality is data competition under the logic of capital, which is rooted in the profit-seeking and expansionist nature of data capital.In terms of approaches, the conditions for the formation of data monopoly are characterised by capital-led control of users, algorithms and cross-domains.Based on the acquisition of control rights, data capital can achieve its monopoly and expansion through accumulation and concentration.Therefore, targeted regulatory strategies and governance methods are needed to promote the healthy development of the platform economy and the orderly expansion of capital, which will help promote the smooth realization of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.