明代文学中的文体壁垒与文体互动

Literary Genre Barrier and Interaction in the Literature of the Ming Dynasty

所谓明代文学中的文体壁垒,是说那些文坛领袖,比如李东阳、李梦阳、王世贞,那些文学流派,比如台阁派、茶陵派、前七子、后七子,相互之间虽有诸多差异,却不约而同地强调文各有体,认为每一种文体都有自己的规矩,应该严格加以遵守。对于诗文体性之异、古诗与律诗之异、律诗与绝句之异的辨析,均与这种理念有关。与此同时,文体之间的互动,例如文言诗文与白话小说之间的互动、义理与辞章之间的互动、歌谣与文人诗之间的互动,也在深度展开。在明代文学的发展历程中,文体壁垒常常是有意设置而成,是对文学传统的明确回应,而文体互动则仿佛是一种自然生成的景观。有意的追求,其效果直接,也容易引起关注;但自然生成的景观,其意义可能更加深远,它说明背后存在着不以人的意志为转移的力量。

The literary genre barrier in the literature of the Ming Dynasty means that although there were many differences between those literary leaders, such as Li Dongyang, Li Mengyang, Wang Shizhen, and those schools of literature, such as the Taige School, the Chaling School, the seven former scholars, and the later seven scholars, they invariably emphasize the different styles of literature.They believed that each literary genre had its own rules and should be strictly observed.The differentiation and analysis of the differences in the style of poetry, the difference between Guti poems and Lüshi,and the difference between Lüshi and Jueju were all related to this idea.At the same time, the interaction between literary genres, such as the interaction between classical Chinese poems and vernacular Chinese novels, the interaction between argumentation and rhetoric, and the interaction between ballads and literati poems, was also developing in depth.In the development of literature in Ming Dynasty, literary genre barriers were often deliberately set up, which was a clear response to the literary tradition.The interaction of literary genres seemed to be a naturally generated landscape.Intentional pursuit has a direct effect and is easy to attract attention.However, the significance of naturally generated landscapes, which shows that there is a force behind it that does not depend on human will, may be more profound.