失能老年人的家庭照料:照料意愿及其影响因素

The Family Care of the Disabled Elderly:Care-giving Willingness and its Influencing Factors

社会养老欠发展使我国仍将在很长的一段时间内以家庭养老为主。在当前家庭照料者的压力不断增大的情况下,家庭成员的照料意愿可能会影响老年人所获得照料的质与量。基于上海市失能老年人及其主要家庭照料者的配对样本数据,文章分析了家庭照料者的照料意愿及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)大多数主要照料者的照料意愿较强。(2)照料负担维度、责任与情感维度、主要照料者与被照料者的关系维度、社会支持维度中的诸多变量均影响主要照料者的照料意愿。(3)进一步的基于结构方程的路径分析揭示了孝道认同、是否出于爱的照料、关系质量(照料者角度)、关系质量(老年人角度)四个变量既直接影响照料意愿,也通过影响主观照料负担进而间接影响照料意愿。基于上述发现,我们应该发展社会养老以减轻家庭照料者的照料负担、改善家庭关系与提倡传统孝道。

Family support for the elderly will be the main model in China for quite a long time because of its underdeveloped social support for the elderly.Under the circumstance of the increasing pressure of family caregivers currently,the care-giving willingness of the family caregivers may affect their results both qualitatively and quantitatively.Based on the data of 535 pairs of the disabled elderly and their family caregivers in Shanghai,this paper explains the care-giving willingness of family caregivers and its influencing factors,and has the following conclusions:(1)the care-giving willingness of most of the main caregivers is still very strong;(2)many independent variables related to the caregiver's burden,responsibility and emotion,the relationship between main caregivers and care recipients,and social support have statistically significant impacts on the care-giver's willingness;(3)the path analysis based on the structural equation indicates that the identity of filial piety,the caregiver's intensity of love,and the quality of their relationship as four major variables will not only directly influence the care-giving willingness of the caregivers,and through the subjective burden indirectly influence the care-giving willingness of the caregivers.Based on these findings,the paper suggests that we should develop social support for the aged care in order to alleviate the caregiver's burden,improve the family relationship and advocate the traditional filial piety.