中国大陆科学深钻发展的若干思考与建议

Development of the Chinese Continental Scientific Deep Drilling: Perspectives and Suggestions

科学钻探是获取地球内部信息的最直接和最重要手段,在解决“向地球深部进军”战略科技问题上起着无可替代的作用。本文简要回顾国内外大陆科学钻探的发展历程和深钻的发展现状,分析大陆科学深钻发展特点与态势;围绕中国大陆科学深钻,梳理其关键科学技术问题、面临的挑战与机遇;在此基础上提出中国大陆科学深钻发展的目标、优先发展方向与发展途径建议。大陆科学深钻能够为地球动力学过程、地质灾害、地质资源和环境变化等全球关注的地球科学前沿问题提供独特的研究途径,但是其实施深度又受超高温和超高压等恶劣井眼环境的制约;现代科学技术的进步有力促进了大陆科学深钻中各项技术的发展,为超深井和特深井科学钻探提供重要支撑。中国大陆科学深钻应以9000~15000 m特深井为目标,注重“超深”“深时”和“深观”等领域的科学问题,优先发展地球深部构造、深部生命、深时气候和深部资源探测等方向,研究超深物质、动力学过程和岩石物理等实验技术,研发超高温超高压环境下的钻井、测井和长期观测等技术与装备,促使我国深地探测能力和水平实现一次飞跃。

As the most direct and important method to detect the Earth’s deep interior, scientific drilling plays a key role in solving the strategic technological issue of deep Earth exploration. This study briefly reviews the development and current situation of domestic and international continental scientific drilling and deep drilling, and analyzes the characteristics and trends of continental scientific drilling development. We summarized the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling, its key scientific and technological issues, as well as challenges and opportunities. Accordingly, we proposed the development goals, priorities and approaches of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling. Continental scientific deep drilling can provide a unique pathway for investigating global concerns in Earth sciences, such as geodynamic processes, geohazards, mineral and energy resources, and environmental changes. However, its implementation depth is constrained by ultra-high temperature and ultra-high pressure in harsh borehole environments. Modern scientific advances have promoted the development of various technologies in continental scientific drilling, which provide important support for ultra-deep and extra-deep drilling. The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling should aim for 9,000-15,000 m extra-deep boreholes, focusing on scientific issues in the fields of ultra-deep, deep-time and deep-observation. Priority development directions can include deep Earth tectonics, deep-life, deep-climate, and deep-resources. The priority detection technologies can include those for drilling, logging, and long-term observation in ultra-high temperature-pressure environments. Priority should also be given to the experimental technique development for ultra-deep matter, dynamics processes, and petrophysics. This would promote a breakthrough in the capacity and level of Earth interior detection in China.