跨介质航行器入水多相流场及运动特性研究现状与展望

Status and Prospects of Investigation into Multiphase Flow Field and Motion Characteristics of Trans-medium Vehicles during Water Entry

水面或空中平台发射的高速入水航行器,借助超空泡减阻技术突破了传统水中兵器的速度极限,凭借高速优势可有效拦截和打击水下潜在威胁,是当今各军事强国竞相研究的热点。但跨介质航行器高速入水过程伴随多相间复杂湍流流动、非定常空泡演变和入水冲击载荷等问题,制约着超空泡航行器的稳定航行,影响作战效能。文章针对航行器高速入水非定常空泡流型演变特性、跨空-水介质冲击载荷、水下尾拍运动等问题,阐述跨介质航行器入水过程及稳定航行所涉及的诸多技术难点,梳理航行器高速入水降载方法,并归纳总结跨介质超空泡航行器的工程应用。最后,展望了跨介质航行器有待解决的问题及未来发展趋势。

High-speed vehicles launched by surface or aerial platforms break the speed limit of traditional underwater weapons with the help of supercavity drag reduction technology and can effectively intercept and attack potential underwater threats with the advantage of high speed.This has become a hotspot of research worldwide.However,problems such as complex multiphase turbulence flow,unsteady evolution of the supercavity,and water entry impact load during the water-entry process of transmedium vehicles restrict the stable navigation of the supercavity vehicle and affect operational effectiveness.In this paper,from the aspects of unsteady supercavity flow patterns,trans-medium impact loads,and tail slaps of high-speed vehicles,the technical difficulties of stable water entry for trans-medium vehicles are summarized,the methods of load reduction for high-speed vehicles during the water-entry process are summarized,and the engineering applications of transmedium supercavitating vehicles are summarized.Finally,the problems to be solved and future development tendencies of trans-medium vehicles are discussed.