面向观测网络供电的水下能量捕获技术研究进展

Recent Progress on Underwater Energy Harvesting Technology for Powering Observation Networks

水下立体观测网络通过实时获取水下环境、水下目标和水下活动等相关信息,为国家海洋安全、深海能源与资源开发、海洋灾害预警预报等提供重要支撑。然而,传统基于蓄电池供电的能量供给方式越来越难以满足水下观测网络长时间持续可靠工作需求。为提升水下观测网络的续航能力,基于水下能量捕获的原位供电技术受到国内外广泛关注。海流能、波浪能具有分布广、持续性强、能量密度高等优势,因此文中重点关注面向水下立体观测网络供能的海流能与波浪能捕获装置研究进展。根据能量转换方式的不同,梳理了基于电磁发电、压电、摩擦纳米发电和混合式发电的水下能量捕获技术代表性工作,对比总结了不同发电形式的优缺点。进一步展望了水下能量捕获技术发展趋势,为水下观测网络实现原位供能提供了思路。

Underwater stereo observation networks are critical for acquiring a real-time awareness of the environment,targets,and underwater activities.It forms an essential foundation for national marine security,subsea resource exploitation,and early warning of marine disasters.Traditional battery-based power supplies are becoming increasingly inadequate for supporting the long-term sustainable operation of observation networks.To improve the endurance of underwater observation devices,it is highly desirable to develop in-situ underwater energy harvesting.Because underwater current energy and underwater wave energy have the advantages of extensive distribution,good consistency,and high-power density,this study focuses on the recent progress in underwater current energy and underwater wave energy harvesting for powering underwater observation devices.Based on the differences in energy transfer types,this review summarizes and compares representative studies on underwater energy harvesters based on electromagnetic generators,piezoelectric nanogenerators,triboelectric nanogenerators,and hybrid generators.Furthermore,this review presents the prospects for the future development of underwater energy harvesters.This paper provides an idea for the innovation of in-situ energy supply technology for underwater observation networks.