东汉思想家王符君道观探析——以《潜夫论·明暗篇》为考察中心

Analysis of WANG Fu′s View of Monarch′s Way of Governing the Country in the Eastern Han Dynasty:A Case Study of Qian Fu Lun·Ming An Pian

王符《潜夫论·明暗篇》通过论述君主的“兼听”“偏信”及其对应的“圣明”“愚暗”,旨在说明君主为君治国之道应当广开言路、虚心纳谏,不要因偏听偏信、专宠一人而拒绝其他臣属和广大下层民众的意见和建议。国君是传统中国社会治理体系的核心,其对臣下和贤材所采取的行为及态度,直接关系到国家治理的成败。此外,权贵和骄宠之臣与下层寒门人士存在利益冲突,君主需要克服这种困难,防止嫉妒和迫害,才能保障人才、信息渠道畅通,为国家治理吸收有益意见,选拔优秀人才。

WANG Fu′s Qian Fu Lun·Ming An Pian,by discussing a monarch′s"listening to both sides"and"partial faith"and the corresponding"wise"and"foolish",aims to explain that in governing the country the monarch should encourage free speech and take advices with an open mind,and should not refuse the opinions and suggestions of other officials and the people at the lower level because of partial faith and exclusive favor of one person.The monarch is the core of the traditional Chinese social governance system,and his behavior and attitude towards his subjects and talents are directly related to the success or failure of national governance.In addition,there is a conflict of interest between the powerful and favoured officials and the poor people at the lower level.The monarch needs to overcome this difficulty and prevent jealousy and persecution,so as to ensure the smooth flow of talent and information channels,absorb useful opinions for national governance,and select excellent talents.