DNA折纸纳米载体在药物递送中的应用

Drug Delivery Based on DNA Origami

DNA纳米技术是基于沃森克里克碱基配对原则产生可编程核酸结构的技术。因其具有高精度的工程设计、前所未有的可编程性和内在的生物相容性等特点,运用该技术合成的纳米结构不仅可以与小分子、核酸、蛋白质、病毒和癌细胞相互作用,还可以作为纳米载体,递送不同的治疗药物。DNA折纸作为一种有效的、多功能的方法来构建二维和三维可编程的纳米结构,是DNA纳米技术发展的一个里程碑。由于其高度可控的几何形状、空间寻址性、易于化学修饰,DNA折纸在许多领域具有巨大的应用潜力。本文通过介绍DNA折纸的起源、基本原理和目前进展,归纳总结了运用DNA折纸进行药物装载和释放的方式,并基于此技术,展望了今后的发展趋势以及所面临的机遇和挑战。

DNA nanotechnology is a technique for generating programmable nucleic acid structures based on the Watson Crick base pairing principle. Nanostructures synthesized by DNA nanotechnology can not only interact with small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses and cancer cells, but also serve as nanocarriers to deliver different therapeutic drugs due to their high precision engineering design, unprecedented programmability and inherent biocompatibility. DNA origami, as an effective and multifunctional method to construct 2D and 3D programmable nanostructures, is a milestone in the development of DNA nanotechnology. Due to its highly controllable geometric shape space address-ability and easy chemical modification, DNA origami has great application potential in many fields. This review first introduces the basic principle of DNA origami, summarizes the development process of DNA origami according to the time sequence, introduces the software development process used to design DNA origami and compares its advantages and disadvantages. Drug loading of DNA nanostructures is described by category of drug loading, and drug release is described by release mode. Ideally,drug delivery carriers should be able to carry one or more drugs for collaborative treatment and penetrate the cell membrane and barrier to avoid harmful chemical and enzymatic degradation drugs, as well as adverse toxicity and immunogenicity, and show targeted and controlled drug release. Although drug delivery schemes based on DNA origami technology have not been applied in clinic, they are currently developing rapidly and show great potential in cancer treatment. This paper introduces the origin of DNA origami, starting with the basic principles and current progress, the methods of drug loading and releasing using DNA origami were summarized. Based on this technology, the future development trend, opportunities and challenges were prospected.