DNA-金属纳米材料在分子识别和药物递送中的应用

Application of DNA-metal Nanomaterials in Molecular Recognition and Drug Delivery

分子识别和药物递送对疾病的早期诊断和靶向治疗至关重要。DNA作为一种天然纳米分子,具有良好的生物相容性、分子识别性及序列可编程性等特点,因此在生物医学研究中受到广泛关注。然而,DNA纳米材料存在依赖于光响应系统且不能穿透细胞膜等缺点,导致单独使用无法满足实际应用的需求。近年来,涌现出大量DNA-金属纳米材料,这些复合材料具有光化学特性、组织穿透能力和药物装载能力等功能,克服了单一材料的缺陷,在生物传感、生物成像和药物靶向递送中表现出巨大的应用潜力。本文集中于3种近年热门的DNA-金属纳米材料(DNA-铜纳米材料、DNA-上转换纳米材料、DNA-金属有机框架纳米材料),依据DNA与各金属纳米材料的结合方式进行合理分类,介绍其在生物传感、生物成像和药物递送中的最新应用进展,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

Molecular recognition and drug delivery are crucial for diseases’ early diagnosis and targeted therapy.DNA, a natural nanoparticle, has good biocompatibility, molecular recognition characteristic, and sequence programmability, it has been widely concerned in biomedical researches. However, DNA nanomaterials depend on the photoresponsive systems and hard to penetrate the cytomembrane, these series of troubles make them difficult to meet the needs of complex experiments. Since DNA was identified to an excellent nanostructured building block, more and more new material systems assembled with DNA, a large number of DNA-metal nanomaterials have emerged especially, which endowed with photochemical property, tissue penetration ability and drug loading ability, overcoming the defects of a single material and showing great potential in biosensing, bioimaging and targeted drug delivery fields. Here, DNA-copper nanomaterials, DNA-upconversion nanomaterials and DNAmetal-organic framework nanomaterials are reviewed, because of unique photostability or high pore volumes of these 3 kinds of representative metal nanomaterials in the nanotechnology field. What’s more, they are low-cost and easily available. According to the combination ways of DNA and metal nanomaterials, these 3 DNA-metal nanomaterials are classified reasonably, and their the latest applications in biomedical field are introduced, in order to provide therapeutic ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of cancer. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for DNA-metal nanomaterials are overviewed and discussed.