肠道菌群在肺纤维化疾病中的调节作用

Regulation of Intestinal Microbiota in Pulmonary Fibrosis Diseases

肺纤维化是一种以成纤维细胞增殖及大量细胞外基质及胶原聚集,并伴随炎症损伤为特征的呼吸系统疾病终末期改变。该疾病以肺功能障碍和呼吸衰竭为主要病理基础,发病率逐年上升,目前治疗方法有限。在肠肺之间的功能调控研究中,肠道菌群构成变化引起的机体微生态失调能够通过多种方式影响呼吸系统疾病的进程。本文聚焦于肺纤维化等肺部疾病的肠肺调控研究前沿领域,综述了多种肺纤维化疾病的致病机制、肠道菌群的功能、肠肺双向调节和益生菌群干预治疗等方面的最新进展。此外,本文也提出了该领域目前存在的问题,以期为今后的调控机制探索和治疗药物研发提供有力的理论支持及策略支撑。

Pulmonary fibrosis is an end-stage alteration in the respiratory disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and massive accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen associated with inflammatory damage. This disease is based on lung dysfunction and respiratory failure pathologically, and its incidence is rising year by year with the limited treatment method currently. Considering on regulation function in gut-lung axis, this dysbiosis caused by intestinal microflora not only modulates the immune response of the gastrointestinal tract but also can impact the onset process of chronic respiratory diseases including pulmonary fibrosis in a variety of ways. In addition, changes in microbial composition and function in the respiratory tract and the gut tract have recently been both linked to disorders in immune responses. In this opinion article, we summarize recent advances in the correlations and underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the relationship between intestinal microbiota and pulmonary fibrosis diseases, including multiple interventions of probiotics flora, diet and antibiotics against dysbiosis. However, direct evidence that pulmonary fibrosis injury changes the proportion of gut flora and composition of the metabolites in host is still lacking. Thus, this review can potentially provide effective theoretical and strategic support for the future exploration about regulatory mechanism and therapeutic drug development.