数字技术如何支持全过程人民民主重大理念的落实

How Digital Technology Can Support the Implementation of the Major Concept of Wholeprocess People’s Democracy

全过程人民民主的核心内涵包括利益的全局性、制度的全面性、过程的全程性、参与的全民性。本文所讨论的数字技术主要围绕人工智能、区块链和扩展现实等技术展开。自动摘要和机器问答等语言智能技术可以为公众个体意见的表达和整合提供技术支撑。当然,这样的语言智能过程还不能完全交给机器来处理,还需要政府公务员、专家以及公众个体的充分参与。制度全面性体现在选举、协商、决策、管理、监督五大制度的整体性效果之上。决策制度和管理制度的核心是质量和效能问题。基于基准案例的决策智能可以大为提高民主治理过程中的决策质量,同时智能决策者数量的增加有助于公共服务质量的提升。以区块链为中心的数字账本技术可以对人民民主的全过程加以详细记录,在全记录基础上可以产生广泛监督,并运用加密技术对公众隐私加以充分保护,以保证数字化民主进程的继续推进。以扩展现实为中心的沉浸式体验可以使得公众更加便捷地、低成本地进行政治参与,会使得公众对政治参与所产生的互动亲近感有更加深刻的感知和理解,也可以吸引更多的年轻群体参与到这种虚拟情境的互动中。我们既要看到数字技术对实现全过程人民民主的巨大潜能,同时也需要认识到这些数字技术的内在限度和自身问题。

The digital technologies discussed in this paper revolve around technologies such as artificial intelligence,blockchain,and extended reality. Language intelligence technologies such as automatic summary and machine Q&A can provide technical support for expressing and integrating individual public opinions. At the core of the decision-making and management systems are issues of quality and effectiveness. Decision-making intelligence based on benchmark cases can significantly improve the quality of decision-making in the democratic governance process. At the same time,the increase in the number of intelligent decision-makers helps improve the quality of public services. Blockchain-centered digital ledger technology can record the whole-process people’s democracy in detail,which can generate extensive supervision based on the whole record and use encryption technology to fully protect public privacy to ensure the continued advancement of the digital democracy process. The immersive experience centered on extended reality can make political participation more convenient and low-cost for the public,giving the public a more profound perception and understanding of the interactive intimacy generated by political participation. It can attract more young people to participate in this virtual interaction context. While we need to see the great potential of digital technologies,we also need to recognize the inherent limits of digital technologies.