构建民主基础上的国家集权体制

Building a Centralized Governmental System on the Base of Democracy

恩格斯指出,“每个国家,从专制君主政体起到共和政体止,都是集权的”。但是,国内外却存在着对国家集权体制的误读,不少人将集权等同于专制。通过对国家集权体制的理性分析,还原国家集权体制的真实涵义,可以澄清国家理论的这一重大问题。国家集权体制作为国家组织管理制度本身并不等同于专制制度。从历史上不同国家的比较分析中,可以区分出建立在专制政治和民主政治的不同基础上的国家集权体制,专制政治基础上的国家集权体制是专制统治的工具,民主政治基础上的国家集权体制却能避免专制统治的危险。国家集权体制和民主政治体制是现代国家建构的两大不可或缺的制度体系,社会主义民主是国家集权体制健康运行的坚实基础,确立在社会主义民主基础上的国家集权体制,才能实现高效和民主兼具的良好的国家治理。

Friedrich Engels has ever pointed out: “Every country,no matter tyrannic or republican,is essentially centralized. ”But this statement concerning the governmental system is often misinterpreted in the academic field,regarding a centralized governmental system is the same as a tyrannic regime. Perspective on this situation,it is an important task for the study of state theory to analyzing the meaning of the centralized governmental system rationally and to restoring its true meaning. As an administrative approach,the centralized governmental system is not the same as the tyrannic regime.From a comparative and historical perspective,the centralized governmental system can be classified into democratic category,which helps to prevent the risk of the tyrannic rule,and tyrannic one,which is just an instrument for serving the tyrannic rule. Centralization and democracy are two indispensable institutional systems for modern state-building. For socialist countries,socialist democracy is the solid base for the robust operation of the centralized system. Only on the base of the socialist democracy,can the state governance run on the tracks of democracy and efficiency.