汉语非表存现的位移类被字句的句段表述特点研究

On the Segmental Expression Characteristics of Chinese Non-existential Displacement Beizi Sentences

汉语非表存现的位移类被字句出现位置以谓语位置居多,句法上受限。当一个事件对应两个句段时,主要有两种情况:一种情况,一个事件由位移类动词和介宾结构两个句段构成;另一种情况是由伴随类动作与位移类动词两个句段构成,这类伴随类动作多与压迫类情景有关,比如“推、押”。汉语非表存现的位移类被字句的事件关系主要是时间关系、并列关系和因果关系,谓语动词连用时会经常出现“时间关系”与“并列关系”,“因果关系”在汉语被字句中尤为常见,这一关系更密切了两个谓语动词之间的关系。汉语特殊句式的研究在谓语动词连用上受到一定限制,常见的是“时间关系”与“并列关系”,“因果关系”在被字句中比较常见,但经常被忽略;其他事件关系都较为少见,例如“目的关系”“条件关系”“递进关系”“转折关系”。过往的研究,一方面在特殊句式研究中,忽略这些不同的语义关系,将其统一表达为“连谓”;另一方面又单列紧缩句进行研究。这两种表达在以往的研究中都没有很好地统一到同一个句式的研究上。

The position of non-existential displacement beizi sentences in Chinese is mostly predicated,which is limited in syntax.When an event corresponds to two sentence segments,there are mainly two situations.In one case,an event consists of two sentences:displacement verbs and subject-object structures.The other case is composed of two sentences:accompanying action and displacement verb.This kind of accompanying action is mostly related to the situation of oppression,such as“push,press”.The event relations of Chinese non-existential displaced Beizi sentences are mainly time relations,coordinate relations and causal relations.When predicate verbs are used together,there often appear time relations and coordinate relations.Causal relations is especially common in Chinese Beizi sentences,which makes the relationship between the two predicate verbs closer.The study of Chinese special sentence patterns is limited in the use of predicate verbs.The common ones are time relations and coordinate relations.Causal relations is more common in beizi sentences,but it is often ignored.Other event relationships are relatively rare,such as purpose relations,conditional relations,progressive relations and turning relations.Previous studies,on the one hand,ignored these different semantic relationships in the study of special sentence patterns and expressed them as“connected predicates”in a unified way;on the other hand,it studies the condensed sentences separately.These two expressions have not been well unified in the study of the same sentence pattern in previous studies.