广东省珠海市2020—2021学年中小学生营养现况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Zhuhai City,Guangdong Province in 2020-2021 academic year

目的了解珠海市2020—2021学年中小学生的营养状况,为开展珠海市中小学生营养健康促进工作提供数据支持。方法按照《全国学生体质与健康调研检测细则》于2020年9月1日—2021年7月15日对全市中小学生进行体质健康检查,运用《珠海市中小学生健康管理系统》录入学生检查数据。结果在2020—2021学年中,共调查珠海市268753名中小学生,其营养不良检出率为10.44%,其中轻度消瘦的检出率最高,为5.04%;超重、肥胖检出率分别为12.54%,9.46%;在中小学学生中女性的超重、肥胖症及营养不良的检出率(9.58%、6.59%、9.05%)均低于男性(15.06%、11.90%、11.62%;χ~2=1826.45、2195.33、471.29,P<0.001)。结论珠海市2020—2021学年中小学生出现超重、肥胖和营养不良的“双峰现象”并存的情况,在小学阶段最明显。需重点加强小学阶段的营养健康教育,以男性为重点教育对象,全面推动学生的营养均衡发展。

Objective To learn the nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Zhuhai City in 2020-2021 academic year,so as to provide datum support for the nutritional and health promotion among them.Methods According to the detailed rules for national investigation and testing of students’ physique and health,the physical health examinations of primary and middle school students in the city were carried out from September 1,2020 to July 15,2021,and the student examination data were entered by using Zhuhai primary and middle school student health management system.Results In 2020-2021 academic year,268 753 primary and middle school students in Zhuhai City were investigated.The detection rate of malnutrition was 10.44%,and the detection rate of mild emaciation was the highest,which was 5.04%;the detection rates of overweight and obesity were 12.54% and 9.46% respectively.Among the primary and secondary school students,the detection rates of overweight,obesity and malnutrition in girls(9.58%,6.59% and 9.05%) were lower than those in boys(15.06%,11.90% and 11.62%;χ~2= 1 826.45,2 195.33,471.29,P < 0.001).Conclusions The coexistence of overweight,obesity and malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Zhuhai City in 2020-2021 academic year is the most obvious in primary school stage.It is necessary to focus on strengthening nutrition and health education in primary schools,focusing on boys,and comprehensively promote the balanced development of students’ nutrition.