走向共同富裕之路:以技术市场发展提升劳动收入份额

The Road to Common Prosperity: Technology Market Development and Labor Income Share

随着我国经济进入新的发展阶段,技术这一新型要素的市场化进程发挥着越发重要的作用,其不仅会积极促进区域创新和经济增长,还可能会对要素收入分配产生影响。文章在探讨技术市场发展、劳动收入份额变化以及两者之间关系的经验事实基础上,实证研究技术市场发展对劳动收入份额的影响及其机制。结果表明,技术市场发展与劳动收入份额具有显著的正相关关系,技术市场发展指标每变化1个百分点,劳动收入份额将同向变化0.009-0.012个百分点,考虑潜在的内生性问题和劳动收入份额动态变化的稳健性检验后均得到一致的结果,且这一效应在2008年之前和中西部地区尤为明显;产业结构优化、技术进步偏向性和要素价格扭曲是主要的作用机制;技术市场发展对劳动收入份额的正向效应随着所在地区知识产权保护程度的提高而增强,而随着产品市场化和对外开放水平的提高而减弱。文章为探讨技术市场发展与劳动收入份额之间关系提供了全面和细致的经验证据,基于“要素市场联动”视角为我国劳动收入份额变化提供了新的解释,为科学制定优化收入分配结构相关政策和走向共同富裕之路提供了现实借鉴。

With China’s economy turning to high-quality development,how to optimize the income distribution structure and reduce the income gap has attracted more and more attention. Technology markets are playing an increasingly important role in economic development,and their sustained development not only actively promotes regional innovation and economic growth,but may also have an impact on factor income distribution. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to investigate the relationship between technology market development and factor income distribution scientifically.This paper uses the provincial-city level data from 2001 to 2014 to investigate the impact of technology market development on labor income share. The results show that: First,with the development of technology markets,labor income share is increasing significantly. Quantitatively,when the technology market development index increases by one percentage point,labor income share will increase by 0.009-0.012 percentage point,and this effect is particularly significant in the subsamples before 2008 and in central and western regions. Second,optimization of industrial structure,labor bias of technological progress,and reduction of factor price distortion are the main mechanisms. Third,the positive impact increases with the improvement of the degree of intellectual property protection,and decreases with the improvement of product marketization and openness.The conclusions have direct policy implications: First,when formulating technology market-oriented reform and related policies,it is necessary to fully recognize the economic effect of promoting the development of technology markets,which will not only improve regional innovation and economic growth,but also affect factor income distribution. Second,policymakers could reduce the income gap between regions by improving the technology markets in central and western regions,strengthening the linkage of factor markets such as capital,labor and technology,and promoting the flow of factors between regions. Third,when promoting the market-oriented reform of technology,all regions should focus on coordinating the relationship between technology market development and institutional environment,and improving the construction of supporting systems.This paper mainly extends the existing literature in two aspects: First,it uses the provincial-city merged data to investigate the income distribution effect of technology market development,which provides a new perspective for the scientific evaluation of the development of new factor markets such as technology,and expands the literature on changes of China’s labor income share. Second,it reveals the internal logic of the impact of technology market development on labor income share from industrial structure optimization,technological progress bias,and factor price distortion,and discusses the moderating effect of regional institutional environment such as intellectual property protection,product marketization,and openness.