“洮州临洮”考辨——兼谈唐诗边塞意象“临洮”之由来及误释问题

Textual Research on"Taozhou Lintao"——On the Origin and Misinterpretation of the Image of"Lintao"in Tang Poetry

中国历史上有三个不同阶段行政建置及地名的“临洮”,即“岷县临洮”“洮州临洮”“狄道临洮”。从隋末至元初,“洮州临洮”之称约700年。因此,古人所谓洮砚出自“临洮”者,犹言出自洮州。有人称“洮砚就出产在古时的临洮、现今的岷县”“洮砚自古出岷县”,这是不能成立的。洮州临洮是唐与吐谷浑、吐蕃争战的前沿战区,唐在洮州临洮设立“临洮郡(洮州)都督府”长达96年之久,这是唐诗边塞意象“临洮”出现的现实背景,唐诗“临洮”即指洮州,今人注为“今岷县”或“今临洮县”者,均误。

In Chinese history,there were three administrative establishments and names of"Lintao"at different stages,namely"Lintao in Minxian County","Lintao in Taozhou"and"Lintao in Didao".From the end of Sui Dynasty to the beginning of Yuan Dynasty,"Taozhou Lintao"has been used for about 700 years.Therefore,the ancient literature records that Taoyan came from"Lintao",which refers to Taozhou.Some people claim that"Taoyan was produced in Lintao in ancient times and Minxian today"and"Taoyan has been produced in Minxian since ancient times",which is not the truth.Lintao(Taozhou)was the frontier war zone where the Tang Dynasty fought with Tuyuhun and Tubo.Tang established the"Lintao County(Taozhou)Governor’s Mansion"in Lintao(Taozhou)for 96 years,which is the realistic background of the appearance of the image of"Lintao"in Tang poetry.That is to say,"Lintao"in Tang poems refers to Taozhou,and people who today annotate it as"now Minxian"or"now Lintao County"are wrong.