肺脏的区域免疫特性及其在感染性疾病中的调控机制研究进展

Research progress on lung regional immunity and its regulatory mechanisms in infectious diseases

肺脏是与外界环境相通的开放系统,除了肩负气体交换的生理功能外,也是众多经空气传播的病原微生物等外界抗原的主要靶器官,在防御并清除病原微生物感染过程中发挥重要调控作用。因此,肺脏兼具免疫器官的特性,并且由于其独特的结构和组织微环境,以及特定的细胞亚群和功能分子,形成了不同于全身性系统免疫的区域免疫特性,包括区域固有和适应性免疫特性及其中涉及的黏膜免疫特性。平衡的肺脏免疫调控机制对于维持肺部免疫稳态及抵抗病原微生物感染至关重要,而其失调则可导致感染性疾病的发生。因此,深入阐释肺脏区域免疫特性及其与感染性疾病的内在联系将有助于理解疾病的免疫病理机制,提供新的免疫治疗靶点和免疫防治策略,进而推进临床转化医学研究。

The lung is an open system communicating with the external environment.In addition to its physiological function of gas exchange,the lung also serves as a primary target organ for many airborne pathogenic microorganisms,thus it plays an important regulatory role in the process of defending against and eliminating infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms.Therefore,the lung possesses the characteristics of immune organs.Due to its unique structure and tissue microenvironment,as well as specific cell subsets and functional molecules,the lung has formed regional immune characteristics different from those of systemic immunity,including regional innate and adaptive immunity as well as mucosal immunity involved in these processes.The balanced regulation of lung regional immunity is crucial for maintaining lung immune homeostasis and resisting pathogenic microorganism infection,whereas its dysregulation will lead to the occurrence of infectious diseases.Thus,an in-depth interpretation of lung regional immune characteristics and its intrinsic mechanistic correlation with infectious diseases will help to understand the immunopathological mechanism of diseases and to provide new immunotherapeutic targets and strategies for the prevention and treatment of diseases,thus promoting clinical and translational research.