米芾署名“黻”“芾”共用考辨

A Textual Research on Mi Fu’s signature“黻”and“芾”

众所周知,米芾中岁以后将名字由“黻”更为“芾”。而翁方纲在《米海岳年谱》则明确提出米芾更名为“芾”在元祐六年。此论渐渐成为定论。然而,由于翁方纲也没能解释清楚《宝真斋法书赞》“芾”“黻”共用的情况。因此,有人提出了质疑,以为元丰八年至元祐六年米芾之名“芾”“黻”曾共用。实际上,从米芾书迹、文集版本、岳珂《英光堂帖》考察,很多疑问可以随之解开。米芾书迹中并没有将“芾”与“黻”共用,而是有着严格的区分。元祐四年及之前皆书为“黻”,元祐六年及之后皆书为“芾”。《宝真斋法书赞》中米芾书简“芾”“黻”混用源于四库馆臣辑录时的错漏。

It is well known that Mi Fu changed his name from"黻"to"芾"after his middle age.Weng Fanggang in Mi Haiyue Chronicle[米海岳年谱]clearly proposed that Mi Fu changed his name to"芾"in the sixth year of the Yuanyou period.This theory later gradually became a well-acknowledged one.However,Weng Fanggang failed to explain the co-existence of"芾"and"黻"in Calligraphy of Baozhen Zhai[宝真斋法书赞].Therefore,controversy arose suggesting that Mi Fu used both"芾"and"黻"in his name from the 8th year of Yuanfeng to the 6th year of Yuanyou.In fact,examination of Mi Fu’s handwriting,collection of works and Yue Ke’s Manuscript of Ying Guang Tang[英光堂帖]could solve many doubts.Mi Fu did not use both those two characters in his handwriting at the same time,and there was a strict distinction."黻"was used before the 4th year of Yuanyou,and"芾"after the 6th year of Yuanyou.The co-existence of those two characters in Calligraphy of Baozhen Zhai was due to the errors and omissions during compiling.