调控水稻分蘖角的分子机制研究进展

Research Progress on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Rice Tiller Angle

水稻是我国第一大粮食作物,在农业生产上具有重要的战略地位。随着人口快速增长、城市化进程加快,有限的产量提升使得水稻生产正面临着严峻挑战。培育产量显著提高的水稻品种对于保障粮食安全和实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。理想株型是品种改良的重要方向,直接影响着水稻产量。分蘖角作为构建水稻理想株型最重要的核心要素之一,它通过调节水稻群体光能利用效率进而影响单位面积产量。生产实践表明,具有合适分蘖角的水稻品种往往表现出更好的抗倒性和稳产潜力。近年来,随着功能基因组学的快速发展,研究学者在水稻分蘖角调控基因的挖掘及其分子机制解析方面取得了诸多重要进展。本研究系统总结了调控水稻分蘖角的功能基因及其遗传代谢网络,重点阐述了水稻分蘖角的驯化过程、重力反应介导的分子遗传途径以及植物激素和环境因素的调控机制,并展望了现有理论框架下未来的潜在研究方向,以期为高产、理想株型新品种的遗传改良和分子设计育种提供重要理论支撑。

Rice is the largest crop food in China, possessing a principal strategic position in agricultural production. With the rapid growth of population and the acceleration of urbanization process, the limited yield increase makes rice production is facing severe challenges. Breeding high-yield rice varieties is of great significance to ensure food security and realize sustainable agricultural development. The ideal plant architecture is a considerable strategy of variety improvement and directly affects rice yield. The tiller angle, which affects rice yield by regulating the light energy utilization efficiency of the population, is a core element of plant architecture characteristics.The production practice shows that the varieties with reasonable tiller angle show better lodging resistance and stable yield potential. With the rapid development of functional genomics, researchers have made many important progresses in mining of the rice tiller angle regulatory genes and the molecular mechanism analysis in recent years.In this review, we systematically summarized the functional genes and genetic metabolic networks regulating rice tiller angle. And then, the domestication process and the genetic mechanism of gravitropism in regulating rice tiller angle were mainly elucidated, as well as the regulation mechanism of plant hormones and environmental factors.Even further, we prospected the potential further research directions under the existing theoretical framework. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical reference for the genetic improvement and molecular design breeding of high-yield and ideal plant architecture varieties.