江苏大豆地方种质资源表型多样性分析

Diversity Analysis of Soybean Landraces Collected from Jiangsu Province Using Phenotypic Traits

大豆是我国居民饮食结构中植物蛋白和油脂的重要来源。江苏省是大豆的主要产区之一。依托2016-2019年“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”,从江苏省35个县(市/区)收集到203份大豆地方品种种质资源。对203份资源的25个表型性状进行了遗传多样性的调查和分析。结果表明江苏省大豆地方资源具有丰富的表型变异,其中,12个形态特征性状的遗传多样性指数范围为0.0311~1.3800,13个数量性状的遗传多样性指数范围为1.3850~2.0155。聚类分析可将203份大豆资源划分为5个类群,各类群内材料均存在一定的表型变异,第IV类群在产量性状方面的综合表现最好。主成分分析将表型评价因子简化为8个主成分,累计贡献率为68.361%。203份大豆资源的综合评价得分范围为0.140~1.385,以综合得分排名的先后顺序,筛选出7份江苏省优异大豆资源。本研究多角度评价了江苏省大豆地方种质资源表型的遗传多样性,为后续大豆种质创新和新品种选育提供了科学依据。

Soybean is an important source of plant protein and oil in diets of Chinese residents.Jiangsu province is one of the main soybean producing areas in China.Under the frame of the Third National General Survey and Collection Action of Crop Germplasm Resources,203 soybean landraces were collected from 35counties in Jiangsu province from 2016 to 2019.In this study,the genetic diversity based on the phenotypic datasets at 25 traits were investigated.The abundant phenotypic diversity was observed with the diversity index of 12 morphological traits ranging from 0.0311 to 1.3800,and that of 13 quantitative agronomic traits ranging from 1.3850 to 2.0155.The 203 landraces were divided into five groups by cluster analysis.The phenotypic variation at each group was revealed,and the performance of the yield-related traits in IV group was superior.Principal component analysis suggested eight principal components that showed a cumulative contribution rate of 68.361%.The comprehensive scores of 203 soybean resources ranged from 0.140 to 1.385.According to the order of scores,seven elite soybean landraces in Jiangsu province were selected.Collectively,the present study unlocked the genetic diversity of soybean landraces in Jiangsu province,which provided insights for the germplasm innovation and breeding for new soybean varieties.