近25年我国审定的彩色小麦农艺性状及品质特征分析

Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Characters of Color-grained Wheat in China in The Past 25 Years

以近25年来我国不同省份审定的56份彩色小麦品种为研究对象,利用变异系数、主成分分析和聚类分析对审定品种的5个农艺性状和3个品质性状进行综合评价,为我国彩色小麦种质资源创制和新品种选育提供参考。结果表明:彩色小麦生育期、株高、穗粒数、千粒重和产量的变异系数范围为8.11%~21.82%,其中产量与生育期变异系数较大。蛋白质含量、容重和湿面筋含量的变异系数范围为3.44%~15.06%,其中容重性状较稳定,蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量变异丰富;省际间审定的彩色小麦性状各有侧重点,山西、安徽与北京通过审定的多数品种品质较好,山东通过审定的品种产量表现突出;不同粒色小麦性状间无显著性差异;相关分析表明生育期与株高呈显著负相关关系,穗粒数与千粒重呈显著正相关,蛋白质含量与湿面筋含量、生育期均呈显著正相关关系;主成分分析将6个性状简化为3个主成分,累积贡献率为67.55%,其中第1主成分与容重有关,第2主成分与产量有关,第3主成分与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量有关;聚类分析在遗传距离为12.5时将56份彩色小麦资源分为4个类群,其中第Ⅲ类群综合性状较好,山农蓝麦1号的F值最高(1.02),柳紫黑麦1号的F值次之(0.99);从彩色小麦审定品种性状趋势来看,生育期和产量随着年份增加呈增加趋势,而株高和蛋白质含量呈降低趋势。可见,产量是彩色小麦品种选育的重点,但品质性状尤其是蛋白质含量需重点关注。

Fifty-six color-grained wheat varieties, which were released from different provinces in China in the past 25 years, were investigated in this study. The variation coefficient, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were applied to evaluate their five agronomic and three quality traits, which would provide reference for germplasm resources innovation and new varieties breeding in China. The results showed that the variation coefficient in the growth period, plant height, kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield ranged from 8.11% to 21.82%, especially for the yield and growth period both with a higher variation coefficient.The variation coefficient of three quality traits protein content, bulk density and wet gluten content ranged from 3.44% to 15.06%, among which the bulk density was stable and the variation of protein and wet gluten content was abundant. Most of the varieties released by Shanxi Province, Anhui Province and Beijing showed good quality, and wheat varieties from Shandong Province showed better yield performance. There were no significant differences in traits among different color-grained wheat. The correlation analysis showed that the growth period negetively correlated with the plant height. The 1000-grain weight was observed to be positively correlated with the kernels per spike. The protein content positively correlated with the wet gluten content and growth period.The principal component analysis simplified the six traits into three principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 67.55%. The first principal component was associated with the bulk density, the second principal component was associated with the yield, and the third principal component was associated with the protein and wet gluten content. Cluster analysis suggested the 56 color-grained wheat resources into four groups at a distance of 12.5, among which the first group had better comprehensive traits. The varieties Shannong Lanmai 1 had the highest F value(1.02), and Liuzi Heimai 1 had the second highest F value(0.99). According to the trend of color-grained wheat variety traits, the growth period and yield attended to be increased within years, while the plant height and protein content attended to be decreased. Collectively, in breeding for colorgrained wheat varieties the yield performance was the major target, and future improvement on the quality traits, especially the protein content would become of interest.