岩土工程模型试验监测技术研究、应用与方向

Research, application and direction of model test monitoring technology of geotechnical engineering

模型试验是岩土工程学科研究的重要手段,而模型试验的监测技术则关系着试验的成败.本文提出依据监测原理和监测对象对模型试验监测技术进行分类的2种方法;分析数字散斑相关法、光纤传感技术和波信号等监测技术的研究和应用现状以及优缺点;分析目前岩土工程模型试验监测技术的需求,主要包括减小对模型的扰动、提供全场且高精度的监测数据、提供多维度监测信息和为实际工程孕育安全可靠的新型监测技术与装备等4个方面;指出未来两个主要研究方向,一是全场、无扰动、高精度监测理论与技术,二是波信号监测理论与装备,包括监测设备小型化和智能化、监测信息与模型变形破坏机理的判据、多源信息融合理论与方法等.

Model test is an important mean for geotechnical engineering research, and the monitoring techniques are essential factors concerning the success or failure of model test. Based on monitoring principles and monitoring objects, two classification methods for model test monitoring techniques were proposed. The research and application status as well as advantages and disadvantages of monitoring techniques, such as digital speckle correlation method, fiber optic sensing technology and wave signal monitoring technology, were analyzed respectively. The current four demands of geotechnical model test monitoring techniques were analyzed, which mainly include reducing the disturbance to the model, providing full-field and high-precision monitoring data, offering multi-dimensional monitoring information, and breeding newly safe and reliable monitoring technology and equipment for practical engineering, etc. Two main future research directions of model test monitoring techniques for geotechnical engineering were extracted. The first is the theory and technology for full-field, undisturbed and high-precision monitoring. The second is the theory and equipment of wave signal monitoring, including the miniaturization and intelligence of monitoring equipment, the criterion between monitoring information and model deformation damage mechanics, and the multi-source information fusion theory and method.