问题意识与历史视野:“社会学中国化”问题的历史社会学路径

Problem Consciousness and Historical Perspective: the Historical Sociological Path of the Problem of “Sinicization of Sociology”

社会学作为一门在“西学东渐”背景下引介到中国的学问系统,从最初引入之时便面对着社会学中国化的问题。这一问题的本质,乃是普遍的社会学理论同具体的中国社会历史情境之间的张力问题。如何面对和处理这种张力,又如何真正在具体的研究实践中建立面对中国历史与文明的社会学理论体系,成了社会学研究者必须面对的重大课题。社会学的中国化,究竟是理论概念上的中国化还是研究对象上的中国化?抑或是研究方法上的中国化?本文通过对国内历史社会学研究的学术史梳理发现,潘光旦、费孝通和瞿同祖等老一辈社会学研究者构成了国内社会学研究的古典时代,开启了一系列经典的本土研究范式,并被后来的学者继承下来。当下的国内历史社会学研究,凸显出问题意识的整全性、研究视野的开阔性以及经验研究的总体性三重特征,既是历史社会学研究在发展历程上的突出特征,同时也为建设有中国特色的社会学话语体系提供了可能路径。

Sociology, as an academic system introduced to China under the background of the west culture communication to China, has faced the problem of sinicization of sociology since its initial time.The essence of this problem is the tension between the universal sociological theory and the specific Chinese social and historical situation.How to face and deal with this tension, and how to truly establish a sociological theory system facing Chinese history and civilization in the concrete research and practice, has become an important issue that sociological researchers must address.Is the sinicization of sociology referring to theoretical concept or research object? Or is it the sinicization of the research methods? Through a review of the academic history of domestic historical sociology research, this article found that the earlier generation of sociological researchers such as Pan Guangdan, Fei Xiaotong and Qu Tongzu formed the classical era of domestic sociological research, which started a series of classic local research paradigms, and these were inherited by later generations of scholars. The present domestic study of historical sociology highlights the three characteristics of the integrity of problem consciousness, the openness of research vision and the overall nature of empirical research, which are not only the prominent characteristics of historical sociology research in the development process, but also provide a possible path for the construction of a sociological discourse system with Chinese characteristics.