元代的蒙汉双轨修史:《太祖实录》小字注解探微

Writing History in both Mongolian and Chinese Language in Yuan Dynasty: A Case Study of Annotation in Authentic Chronicle of Genghis Khan

《圣武亲征录》《元史》和《史集》是元史研究的基础文献,相互之间的传抄关系尚无定论。《圣武亲征录》和《元史》,在正文之外还有小字注解。二者的小字注解有重合之处,内容包括人物指代、汉语翻译、并行纪年。相关内容在《史集》和元末史书《通鉴续编》中都有体现。上述史籍的共同史源可以追溯到《太祖实录》。小字体例和内容表明,《太祖实录》应是先用汉文写成的,随后翻译成蒙古文,进而为《史集》所参考。

Sheng Wu Qin Zheng Lu, Yuan Shi, and Jāmi′al-Tavārīkh(Compendium of Chronicles) are fundamental historical materials for the study of Yuan Dynasty history. The copy relationships in between these books have not been clarified. Both Sheng Wu Qin Zheng Lu and Yuan Shi had annotations apart from the main text. Some of the annotations of the two books were shared by each other, the content of which include character reference, Chinese translation, and parallel chronology. The relevant content is reflected in Jāmi′al-Tavārīkh and Tong Jian Xu Bian compiled in late Yuan era. One of the common historical sources of the above-mentioned books was Authentic Chronicle of Genghis Khan. The style and content of the annotations indicate that Authentic Chronicle of Genghis Khan should be written first in Chinese, and later translated into Mongolian, and finally used as references by Jāmi′al-Tavārīkh.