全球创新合作网络格局演化及驱动因素——基于复杂网络和敏感性模型的分析

Pattern Evolution and Driving Factors of Global Innovation Cooperation Network:Based on Complex Network and Sensitivity Model

积极融入全球创新合作网络是中国高质量对外开放的重要内容。文章基于2000-2020年全球PCT专利共同申请数据,探究全球创新合作网络格局演化及中国的地位变动,并实证研究了全球创新合作网络地位变迁的驱动因素。研究发现:①全球创新合作网络具有“小世界”特征。网络关联性较强,整体结构演化与国际局势联系紧密。②美、德等国在全球创新合作网络中的Bonacich-Katz中心地位突出,长期位于核心圈。中国取代日本成为最核心的亚洲国家,但与美国仍有差距。③北美创新合作的敏感性地位变化不大,美国长期保持负向高度敏感性。欧洲敏感性呈现模块化分布。中国从正向低度敏感区逐步变为负向高度敏感区,实现了三级阶梯式的地位攀升。④中国创新合作的敏感性腹地由负向敏感为主、正向敏感零星分布向正向敏感连片生长演变。2020年,中国的正向敏感腹地遍布全球主要创新区域,仅有美国为负向高度敏感伙伴。③出口贸易、外国直接投资、经济发展水平和研发投入等因素深刻影响着全球创新合作网络地位的演化。

Actively participating in the global innovation cooperation network is an important part of China’s high-quality opening-up.Based on the global PCT patent co-application data from 2000 to 2020,this paper explores the evolution of the global innovation cooperation network and the status change of China,and empirically studies the driving factors of the status change of the global innovation cooperation network.The results show that:1)The global innovation cooperation network has the characteristics of"Small World".The network is highly correlated and the overall structure evolution is closely related to the international situation.2)The United States,Germany and other countries have a prominent position in the Bonacich-Katz Centrality in the global innovation cooperation network,and have been in the core circle for a long time.China has replaced Japan as the most core Asian country,but still lags behind the United States.3)The sensitivity status of North American’s innovation cooperation has little change,and the United States has maintained a negative high sensitivity for a long time.European sensitivity shows a modular distribution.China has gradually changed from a positive low-degree sensitive area to a negative high-degree sensitive area,realizing a three-step rise in status.4)The sensitive hinterland of China’s innovation cooperation has evolved from being dominated by negative sensitivity,with positive sensitivity distributed sporadically to continuous growth in positive sensitivity.The positive sensitive hinterland of China is all over the world’s major innovation regions in 2020,and only the United States is the negative highly sensitive partner.5)Export trade,foreign direct investment,economic development level and R&D investment have a profound impact on the evolution of the global innovation cooperation network status.