四季草莓生产夏季高温时期降温方案研究

Study on Cooling Scheme of Everbearing Strawberry Planting in Summer High Temperature Period

【目的】探索四季草莓生产夏季高温时期降温方案,以期为北方地区四季草莓冷棚生产提供技术指导。【方法】采用遮阳网每天10时-16时进行棚外进行遮阳处理;采用立凉降温剂对冷棚外侧塑料喷涂处理;在棚顶安装无动力风帽处理,随着棚内温度升高风帽会自动旋转把热空气排出棚外;安装无动力风帽和喷涂降温剂结合处理,4个处理与常规冷棚栽培进行对照,调查不同处理条件下草莓植株生长状态,花果性状。【结果】与对照相比,4个处理都能降低棚内空气温度,喷涂降温剂与风帽结合的降温方案能降低温度1.9~5.7℃;安装无动力风帽能降低温度1.3~5.3℃;单独喷施降温剂可降0.6~4.8℃;利用遮阳网可降低0.1~3.1℃;4种降温方案都能抑制植株徒长;4个处理的新抽生花序和花朵数量都明显高于对照;4个处理的果实品质也明显高于对照。【结论】在大棚外侧喷涂立凉降温剂结合棚顶安装无动力风帽的降温措施最为有效,最多能降低棚内温度5.7℃,能明显提高夏季高温时期草莓果实的产量和品质,适合北方夏季草莓冷棚生产降温。

【Objective】The research aimed to explore the cooling scheme of four-season strawberry planting in summer high temperature period,in order to provide technical guidance for everbearing strawberry cold shed production in northern China.【Methods】The shading net was used for shading treatment outside the shed at 10:00-16:00 every day.The plastic outside the cold shed was sprayed with cooling agent.The unpowered hood is installed on the roof of the shed.With the increase of the temperature in the shed,the hood will automatically rotate to discharge the hot air out of the shed.Compared with conventional cold shed cultivation,the growth status,flower and fruit traits of strawberry plants were investigated under different treatment conditions.【Results】Compared with the control,all four treatments could reduce the air temperature in the shed,and the cooling scheme of spraying cooling agent combined with hood could reduce the temperature by 1.9~5.7℃.The installation of unpowered hood can reduce the temperature by 1.3~5.3℃;spraying cooling agent alone could reduce 0.6~4.8℃;using shading net could reduce 0.1~3.1℃;four cooling schemes could inhibit plant growth;the number of new inflorescences and flowers in the four treatments was significantly higher than that in the control.The fruit quality of the four treatments was also significantly higher than that of the control.【Conclusion】The cooling measures of spraying cooling agent on the outside of the greenhouse combined with installing unpowered hood on the roof of the greenhouse are the most effective,which can reduce the temperature in the greenhouse by 5.7℃at most,and can significantly improve the yield and quality of strawberry fruit in the high temperature period in summer,which is suitable for the cooling of strawberry cold shed planting in northern summer.