李健吾的莫里哀喜剧研究初探

Li Jianwu’s Research on Molière’s Comedy

李健吾既是莫里哀喜剧的翻译家,也是一位研究者。其研究成果按照年代可分成三个阶段。在新中国成立之前,他更多从人性的角度解读莫里哀喜剧,翻译出版了其8部剧作,认为尊崇“自然”和“现实”、重视人性以及敢于斗争为其主要特征。进入20世纪50年代,他接受了马克思主义,在主流意识形态影响下,突出了莫里哀喜剧的人民性,《喜剧六种》的选译反映了这一时代精神,代表性论文《莫里哀的喜剧》则运用阶级分析方法对莫氏作品进行了深入的分析。改革开放之后,他翻译的《莫里哀喜剧全集》出版,同时发表了《译者序》。与50年代相比,作者的基本观点和分析方法变化不大,但分析更为细致与深入,对其戏剧的战斗性和现实性等现实主义特征也更为强调,并指出莫氏是位集表导演于一体的戏剧艺术全才。

Li Jianwu is both a translator and a researcher of Molière’s comedy.This paper combines the two aspects and divides the results of his research into three stages in a chronological order.Before the founding of the PRC,he translated and published eight of Molière’s plays,interpreting his comedy more from the perspective of human nature,and proposed that its main characteristics are respecting“nature”and“reality”,attaching importance to human nature,and daring to fight.In the 1950s,he accepted Marxism and,under the influence of the mainstream ideology,highlighted the affinity to the people in Molière’s comedy.His selection and translation of Molière’s plays in Molière’s Six Plays reflected the spirit of the era,and in“Molière’s Comedy”,one of his representative papers,he used class analysis to conduct an in-depth analysis of Molière’s works.After the reform and opening up,his translation of Molière’s Complete Comedies was published,and in the“Translator’s Preface”,compared with his works in the 1950s,Li’s basic views and analytical methods have not changed much,but his analysis is more detailed and profound,and he also puts more emphasis on the realistic features of Molière’s plays,such as militancy and realism,and he points out that Molière is a versatile artist who integrates playwriting,acting and directing.