格洛托夫斯基与后戏剧——兼论欧美戏剧学向表演研究的范式转移

Grotowski and Post-dramatic Theatre:Regarding the Paradigm Shift from Theatre to Performance Studies

波兰导演格洛托夫斯基是欧美戏剧学在20世纪70年代向“后戏剧”进行范式转移的关键人物。国内对格洛托夫斯基的了解大多以中国戏剧出版社1984年发行的《迈向质朴戏剧》为基础。然而,格洛托夫斯基的重要性不仅在于其十年“质朴戏剧”的导演实践(1959—1969),更在于他“离开剧场”之后三十年游走于世界各地的后戏剧探索活动(1969—1999)及其引发的种种观念和实践变革。对于格洛托夫斯基的生平工作的梳理,除了应重新检视我国对质朴戏剧的接受,还应阐明他的后戏剧转向及其对于戏剧学/表演研究范式转移的参照意义。

Polish director Jerzy Grotowski was a key figure in the “post-dramatic” turn of Western theatre in the 1970s. In China, he is still strongly associated with “Poor Theatre”(1959-1969) due to the publication of Towards a Poor Theatre by the China Theatre Press in 1984, while his “post-theatrical activities”(1969-1999) during his travelling around the world in the following 30 years are mostly neglected. However, Grotowski’s significance is not limited to his theatre practices;his “post-dramatic theatre” had challenged the constitution of theatre as an artistic genre and as an academic discipline. This essay will not only investigate how we have received Grotowski’s “Poor Theatre” since the mid-1980s, but also elucidate Grotowski’s “post-dramatic” turn and his contribution to the paradigm shift from theatre studies to performance studies.