篮球运动员膝关节损伤因素及预防对策研究

Research on Factors and Preventive Measures of Knee Joint Injury in Basketball Players

膝关节运动损伤是篮球运动中最为常见的运动损伤,不仅会给篮球运动员带来极大的身体伤害,还会折磨其精神状态。该文以篮球运动员膝关节运动损伤为研究对象,综合运用文献梳理、调查问卷、逻辑推理等分析方法,探究篮球运动员膝关节损伤因素以及预防对策。结果表明,篮球运动在变向突破以及拼抢篮板的技术环节中最容易造成膝关节的损伤,其次是急停跳投、防守滑步、上篮对抗以及快攻等技术环节。生理、心理、技术、训练以及社会5个方面因素是造成运动员膝关节损伤的诱因,具体包括运动员身体素质不佳,技术动作不规范等。鉴于此,篮球运动员以及教练员应当了解膝关节的生理结构特点,加强自我保护意识,赛前充分热身,合理安排运动负荷以及恢复训练,加强医务监督,改善比赛场地,最大限度减少篮球运动员膝关节损伤的发生。

Knee joint injury is the most common sports injury in basketball, which not only brings great physical injury to basketball players, but also afflicts their mental state. Taking basketball players’ knee injury as the research object, this paper comprehensively uses the methods of literature review, questionnaire, logical reasoning and other analysis methods to explore the factors of knee joint injury of basketball players and the preventive measures. The results show that basketball is most likely to cause knee joint injuries in the technical links of changing direction breakthrough and rebounding, followed by the technical links of sudden stop jump shot, defensive sliding step,layup confrontation and fast break. Physiological, psychological, technical, training and social factors are the inducements of knee joint injuries, including poor physical fitness and non-standard technical movements. In view of this, basketball players and coaches should understand the characteristics of the physiological structure of the knee joint, strengthen the sense of self-protection, fully warm up before the game, reasonably arrange the exercise load and resume training, strengthen medical supervision, improve the playing field, and ultimately minimize the occurrence of knee joint injuries of basketball players.