16周陆上体能对短距离游泳一级运动员专项成绩与生化指标的影响

Influence of 16 Weeks Land Physical Fitness on the Special Performance and Biochemical Indexes of First-Class Short Distance Swimmers

研究目的:研究16周陆上体能训练对短距离游泳一级运动员生化指标及运动表现的影响,探讨陆上体能的提高对游泳运动员竞技能力提高的作用,为陆地体能训练提高运动表现提供科学的指导和理论依据。研究方法:以8名短距离游泳一级运动员为实验对象,进行为期16周的陆上体能训练干预,并对训练前后的陆上体能指标、生化指标以及游泳主项成绩进行测试监控。陆上体能测试指标:坐位体前屈、垂直纵跳、引体向上最大重量、深蹲、无氧功率;生化指标:血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素氮(BUN)、红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞压积以及血红蛋白;游泳成绩:各运动员主项成绩。研究结果:体能指标分析:与训练前相比较,训练后运动员的坐位体前屈、垂直纵跳、引体向上最大重量、深蹲最大重量以及无氧功率指标均有不同程度的改善,其中最小功率指标呈现出非常显著性差异(P<0.01);生化指标分析:与训练前相比,血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素氮(BUN)、红细胞数量、红细胞体积、红细胞压积以及血红蛋白指标均出现良好的适应性表现,其中血尿素氮实验前为7.5(6.4,7.7)mmol/L,实验后为4.1(3.5,5.0)mmol/L,实验前后呈现出非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。运动员肌酸激酶实验前为272.5(198.5,652.0)U/L,实验后为166.0(103.0,212.3)U/L,实验前后呈现出显著性差异(P<0.05);主项成绩分析:运动员的主项成绩均具有1%以上的成绩变化幅度,其中2名运动员的成绩提升超过3.5%,提升幅度较明显。研究结论:通过16周的陆上体能训练,运动员的竞技能力指标有较好的改善,提示运动员的运动表现有一定程度的提高;运动员对训练强度和训练量有较好的适应;运动员主项运动成绩有较好的提升。

Objective: To study the effect of 16 weeks of land physical training on the biochemical indicators and sports performance of short-distance swimming first-class athletes, to explore the effect of land physical fitness on the improvement of swimmers’ competitive ability, and to provide information for land physical training to improve sports performance. Scientific guidance and theoretical basis. Methods: Eight first-class short-distance swimmers were selected as the research objects, and the land physical training intervention was carried out for 16weeks. Physical fitness test indicators on land: sitting body forward bend, vertical vertical jump, maximum pull-up weight, squat, anaerobic power;biochemical indicators: serum creatine kinase(CK), blood urea nitrogen(BUN),red blood cell count, red blood cell Volume, hematocrit and hemoglobin;swimming performance: the main items of each athlete.Results: Analysis of physical fitness indicators: Compared with before training, the athletes’ seated forward flexion, vertical vertical jump, maximum weight of pull-ups, maximum weight of squat and anaerobic power indicators have different degrees of improvement after training. Power index showed a very significant difference(P<0.01);Biochemical index analysis: Compared with that before training, serum creatine kinase(CK),blood urea nitrogen(BUN), number of red blood cells, red blood cell volume, hematocrit and hemoglobin showed good adaptability, of which blood urea nitrogen before the experiment was 7.5(6.4, 7.7) mmol/L, and after the experiment was 4.1(3.5, 5.0) mmol/L, showing a very significant difference(P<0.01). The creatine kinase of athletes was 272.5(198.5, 652.0) U/L before the experiment and 166.0(103.0, 212.3) U/L after the experiment, showing a significant difference before and after the experiment(P<0.05);Analysis of main event results: the main event results of the athletes have a change range of more than 1%, and the results of two athletes have increased by more than 3.5%, which is more obvious.Conclusions: Through 16 weeks of land physical training, the athletes’ competitive ability indicators have been improved, suggesting that the athletes’ sports performance has been improved to a certain extent;Athletes have better adaptation to training intensity and training volume;Athletes’ performance in main sports has been improved.