离心超负荷训练对高中男子篮球运动员下肢爆发力的影响

Effect of Centrifugal Overload Training on Lower Limb Explosiveness of High School Male Basketball Players

目的:该研究旨在探讨离心超负荷训练对高中男子篮球运动员下肢爆发力的影响。方法:将12名持续接受力量训练的高中男子篮球队员随机分成实验组和对照组,每组6人,对照组采用传统杠铃负重深蹲训练,实验组采用离心超负荷训练。训练时长为6周,每周训练2次。在训练前后分别对运动员进行垂直纵跳、立定跳远、3/4场冲刺、T灵敏、深蹲1RM测试。结果:六周的训练之后对照组的垂直纵跳、立定跳远、深蹲1RM值有非常显著性提升(P<0.01)。对照组的3/4场冲刺有显著提升(P<0.05)。而对照组的“T”灵敏测试虽有提升但与训练前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验组的垂直纵跳、立定跳远、3/4场冲刺以及深蹲1RM均有非常显著的提高(P<0.01)。而实验组的“T”灵敏测试成绩虽有提高,但与训练前无显著差异性(P>0.05)。结论:传统抗阻训练和离心超负荷训练都可以作为发展运动员垂直纵跳、立定跳远、冲刺速度的手段,但离心超负荷训练比传统抗阻训练更高效;如果用于发展下肢最大力量,应优先选择传统抗阻训练。

Objective: To explore the effect of centrifugal overload training on the lower limb explosiveness of high school male basketball players.Methods: 12 high school male basketball players who continued to receive strength training were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 6 in each group. The control group used traditional barbell squatting training, and the experimental group used centrifugal overload training. The training lasts for 6 weeks, twice a week. Before and after training, the athletes were tested with vertical vertical jump, standing long jump, 3/4 sprint, T sensitivity, and deep squat for 1RM.Results: After six weeks of training, the 1RM value of vertical vertical jump, standing long jump and squat in the control group was significantly increased(P < 0.01). In the control group, the sprint of 3/4 races was significantly improved(P < 0.05). The "T" sensitivity test of the control group was improved but had no significant difference from that before training(P > 0.05). The vertical vertical jump, standing long jump, 3/4 sprint and squat 1RM of the experimental group were significantly improved(P < 0.01). Although the test scores of "T" sensitivity in the experimental group were improved, there was no significant difference compared with before training(P > 0.05).Conclusion: Both traditional resistance training and centrifugal overload training can be used as means to develop athletes’ vertical vertical jump, standing long jump and sprint speed, but centrifugal overload training is more efficient than traditional resistance training;If it is used to develop the maximum strength of lower limbs, traditional resistance training should be preferred.