福州市2017-2020年城区大气PM_(2.5)及其成分特征分析

Characteristics analysis of ambient PM_(2.5)and its components in urban area of Fuzhou City,2017-2020

目的研究福州市大气PM_(2.5)及其成分污染特征,为制定大气污染治理措施提供科学依据。方法2017—2020年采用滤膜法在福州市台江区和仓山区两个采样点采集空气中PM_(2.5),采用称重法测定PM_(2.5)浓度,采用超高液相色谱法分析多环芳烃;采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测分析金属类金属;采用离子色谱法分析PM_(2.5)中阴阳离子。结果2017—2020年,福州市两区PM_(2.5)浓度为34.0(25.0~46.5)μg/m3,PM_(2.5)浓度总体呈下降趋势,冬春季PM_(2.5)及其成分浓度均高于夏秋季。福州市两区PM_(2.5)中主要以BghiP、BbF、IcdP等5~6环多环芳烃为主,铝在金属类金属污染物中占比最高(76.8%),离子污染成分主要以SO42-为主。结论近年来福州市大气PM_(2.5)污染改善显著,但春冬季PM_(2.5)的污染仍需持续关注。

Objective To study pollution characteristics of ambient PM_(2.5)and its components in Fuzhou and to provide scientific evidence for establishment of air pollution management strategy.Methods Ambient PM_(2.5)samples were collected using membrane filtration methods in Taijiang and Cangshan districts of Fuzhou City during 2017-2020.Weighing method was used to quantify the concentration level of PM_(2.5).PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons)were analyzed by ultra-high liquid chromatography,while the metals and metalloid were analyzed by ICP/MS and the anion and cation of PM_(2.5)were analyzed by ion chromatography.Results During 2017-2020,the average concentration level of ambient PM_(2.5)in the two districts were 34.0(25.0-46.5)μg/m~3.There was a decreasing trend in the concentration level of ambient PM_(2.5)since 2017.Concentration levels of PM_(2.5)and its components in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn.The main PAHs in PM_(2.5)in the two districts were 5-6 rings PAHs,including BghiP,BfF and IcdP.Aluminum(76.8%)accounted for the highest proportion of metal and metalloid.SO■was the main component of anion and cation.Conclusion The ambient PM_(2.5)pollution in Fuzhou has improved significantly since 2017,but continuous attention shall be addressed for PM_(2.5)pollution in winter and spring.