现代农业节水新技术的应用与发展

Application and Development of New Water-saving Technology in Modern Agriculture

中国是一个农业大国,农业用水量占全国总用水量的60%以上,现代农业发展离不开节水新技术应用。按照农业灌溉工程水源、输水、用水的过程,介绍了雨水集蓄利用、微咸水、海水淡化利用、中水利用灌溉等水源增量节水新技术,渠道、管道输水过程节水新技术,应用卫星定位等系统辅助进行水平畦灌、喷灌等农田灌溉节水新技术的应用情况;提出现代农业节水技术将朝着高效、低耗、智慧的方向发展,将有更多的海水、中水等非常规水源用于农田灌溉,现代高新信息技术将助力农业生产实现精准农业,秸秆覆盖保墒等农艺技术应用更加广泛以实现环保、节水效益共提升。

Our country is a big agricultural country, and the agricultural water consumption is more than 60% of the total water consumption. The development of modern agriculture needs the application of new water-saving technologies. According to the process of water source, conveyance and use in agricultural irrigation engineering, this paper introduces the application of new water source incremental water-saving technologies such as rainwater collection and utilization, brackish water utilization, seawater desalination utilization, reclaimed water utilization irrigation, etc. It also introduces the new technologies of water saving in the process of water conveyance with canal and pipeline, and the new irrigation techniques such as horizontal border irrigation and sprinkler irrigation assisted by satellite positioning system. It is put forward that modern agricultural water-saving technology will develop in the direction of high efficiency, low consumption and wisdom. More seawater, intermediate water and other non-conventional water sources will be used for farmland irrigation. Modern high-tech information technology will help agricultural production to achieve precision agriculture,straw mulching and other agricultural technologies will be more widely used to achieve the environmental protection and the water-saving benefits.