中小学办学自主权:落实现状与政策需求

Primary and Secondary School Autonomy:Implementation Status and Policy Needs

中小学办学活力和依法自主办学能力关涉教育质量的提升和育人目标的实现,办学自主权的有效落实是学校办学活力的重要保障。基于对广东、广西、安徽、湖北、吉林五省公办普通中小学校长的问卷调查数据,对现阶段中小学办学自主权落实现状及其影响因素进行实证分析,结果显示,学校的人事工作自主权、经费使用与筹集自主权有限;校长对办学自主权的期待与现实存在较大落差;政府干预、政校间权责配置、学校领导者对国家法律法规政策的理解、学校内部治理结构以及学校自主办学能力是中小学办学自主权落实的重要影响因素。为此,现阶段的政策需要对教育放权内容、学校能力建设、监督与问责等方面做出新的调整。

The vitality of running a school and the ability of running a school independently according to law are related to the promotion of educational quality and the realization of educational goal. Based on the questionnaire survey data of the principals of public primary and secondary schools in Guangdong,Guangxi, Anhui, Hubei and Jilin provinces, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the status quo and the influencing factors of the implementation of the autonomy of primary and secondary schools at present.The results show that the autonomy of personnel work, the use of funds and the raising of funds are limited, and there is a big gap between the expectation and reality of school principals’ autonomy. Government intervention, allocation of power and responsibility among political schools, understanding of national laws, regulations and policies by school leaders, internal governance structure of schools and school-running ability are the important influence of school-running autonomy. Therefore, the current policy needs to make new adjustments in the content of educational decentralization, school capacity-building, supervision and accountability.