绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状管理体验的质性研究

Menopausal symptom management experience in premenopausal breast cancer patients:a qualitative study

目的探讨绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状困扰与应对体验,为制订绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状干预方案提供理论依据和研究基础。方法本研究为质性研究。采用目的抽样法,选取2020年12月—2021年4月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院乳腺外科和门诊随诊的12例合并围绝经期症状的绝经前乳腺癌患者进行半结构式深入访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料整理和分析。结果绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状管理体验提炼出2个类属和6个主题,类属1为症状管理的困境,包含负性情绪增加、症状认知的缺乏、消极应对方式、信息支持不足;类属2为症状管理应对策略,包含积极自我调整、社会支持。结论绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状困扰较重,医护人员应关注绝经前乳腺癌患者围绝经期症状管理的阻碍因素,激发患者积极自我调整、健康生活方式,加强围绝经期症状的评估和长期随访,提供专业的健康指导和便捷的医疗服务。

Objective To explore the symptom distress and coping experience of menopausal symptoms in premenopausal breast cancer patients,so as to provide theoretical and research basis for the development of menopausal symptoms intervention program in premenopausal breast cancer patients.Methods This is a qualitative study.A purposive sampling method was used to select 12 premenopausal breast cancer patients with combined menopausal symptoms who were followed up in Breast Surgery Ward and Outpatient Clinic of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institution&Hospital from December 2020 to April 2021.Semi-structured interviews were conducted to patients.Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to organize and analyze the data.Results Two categories and six themes were extracted from menopausal symptoms management experience of premenopausal breast cancer patients.Category 1 was barriers of symptom management,including increased emotion disorders,lacking awareness of symptoms,negative coping styles,and insufficient information support.Category 2 was facilitators of symptom management,including positive self-regulation and social support influences.Conclusions Menopausal symptoms in premenopausal breast cancer patients are severity.Medical staff should pay more attention on barriers of symptom management,encourage patients to actively adjust themselves and have a healthy lifestyle,strengthen the evaluation and long-term follow-up of menopausal symptoms,so as to provide professional health guidance and convenient medical service.