奶牛生产性能测定数据在牧场中的应用

Application of Dairy Herd Improvement Data in Dairy Farm

[目的]奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)是用来管理奶牛生产的一项综合性技术,通过对DHI数据进行整理分析,可以指导牛场健康计划、改进日粮配方,加快奶牛遗传改良,提高奶牛育种水平。[方法]对广东省某奶牛场2022年1—12月14 024条DHI数据进行统计,分析该牧场牛群结构、胎次、乳成分、体细胞数等指标,并根据数据提出改进措施。[结果]该牧场12个月的平均胎次2.34胎,日均产奶量为32.03 kg,高峰奶平均为39.6 kg,高峰奶日平均为80.17天,305天产奶量平均为9 641.55 kg,乳脂率平均为4.52%,乳蛋白率平均为3.16%,脂蛋比平均为1.44,体细胞数平均为33.3万个/mL,尿素氮平均为10.9 mg/dL,泌乳天数平均为176.42天。[结论]该牧场3胎次以上牛只所占比例偏低,牛群结构不合理,体细胞数较高,尿素氮含量不稳定。应优化牛群结构,加强环境整治、乳房炎健康监测,同时调整日粮结构。

[Objective]DHI is a comprehensive Technology used to manage dairy production. The analysis of DHI data can guide farm health planning,improve diet formulation and accelerate genetic improvement of dairy cows,improve the level of dairy breeding. [Method]In this paper,14024 DHI data were collected from a dairy farm in Guangdong province from January to December in 2022.These data were collected and analyzed. [Result]The average birth order was 2.34,daily milk yield was 32.03 kg,daily peak milk yield was 39.6 kg,daily peak milk yield was 80.17 days and daily milk yield was 9 641.55 kg in 305 days,the average percentage of milk fat was 4.52%,milk protein was 3.16%,lipoprotein to protein was 1.44,number of somatic cells was 333 000 mL,MUN was 10.9 mg/dL,days of lactation was 176.42 days. [Conclusion]The proportion of dairy with more than three births was low,the structure of dairy was unreasonable,the number of somatic cells was high and the content of MUN was unstable. The structure of dairy should be optimized,the environmental treatment,mastitis health monitoring shoud be strengthened adjust the diet structure.