犬冠状病毒诊断技术研究进展

Research progress on canine coronavirus diagnostic technology

犬冠状病毒(canine coronavirus,CCoV)属于套式病毒目(Nidovirales)、冠状病毒科(Coronaviridae)、冠状病毒属(Coronavirus)、α冠状病毒属成员。近几年,冠状病毒感染犬的比例正在不断上升,加上有研究表明犬也会感染新型冠状病毒,而市场上缺少治疗冠状病毒的特效药物。因此,快速、精确的诊断宠物疫病对该病的防控起到不可或缺的作用。目前,犬冠状病毒常用的检测技术分为临床诊断、病原学检查和血清学检查,但由于冠状病毒病的流行病学特点、临床症状以及病理剖检缺乏特征性变化,据此只能作出初步诊断,病原学检查主要分为病毒分离培养、电镜诊断、PCR、RPA、夹心ELISA和RT-RAA;血清学检查主要分为中和试验、间接ELISA、胶体金免疫层析试纸条。2019年新型冠状病毒感染导致的疫情在全球爆发以来,备受社会各界关注,一些新的变异毒株也在不断出现。因此,亟需一种快速、简便、成本低、灵敏性高、特异性强的诊断方法来监测、预警疫情,为进一步研发特异性疫苗提供参考与帮助。

Canine coronavirus(CCo V)belongs to the order Nidovirales,genus Coronaviridae and family Coronaviridae.As a member of acoronavirus,in recent years,cases related to CCo V infections have been increasingly elevated in dogs.In addition,studies have shown that dogs can also be infected with covid-19.Moreover,there are no specific therapeutic options available for CCo V,control measures are indispensably dependent on rapid,sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for early detection of CCo V infection.At present,the commonly used detection techniques for CCo V are divided into clinical diagnosis,pathogenic investigation and serological investigation.Due to the deficiency in epidemiology,clinical signs and pathological properties of CCo V infection,clinical diagnosis is solely used as primary confirmation of CCo V infection.Pathogenic investigation is mainly dependent on virus isolation and culture,electron microscope,PCR,RPA,sandwich ELISA and RT-RAA.Serological investigation is mainly dependent on neutralization test,indirect ELISA and colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip.Since the outbreak of covid-19 in 2019,CCo V has gained increasing attention,especially in the context of emergence of new variants.Thus,it is urgently needed to develop a fast,simple,low-cost,highly sensitive and specific diagnostic method for monitoring the epidemiological situation of CCo V.Our findings also provide insights for development of specific vaccine and therapeutic options against CCo V infections.