北京中轴线建筑遗产法律保护中的权利限制——正当基础、实现路径以及规范表达

Rights Restriction in Legal Protection of Architectural Heritage of Beijing Central Axis:Proper Basis, Implementation Path and Norm Expression

针对权利限制问题的研究对于北京中轴线建筑遗产保护理论学说的发展以及未来立法的修订意义重大。权利限制是指建筑遗产权利人所需要承受的某种法律上的重大不利和显著负担,其所具有的正当依据在于建筑遗产本身负载着处于相对优越地位的公共利益。通过公法义务概念的引入来确保权利限制在制度层面予以实现。基于内容要素的差异和不同,以上公法义务可以被划分为作为义务、不作为义务、容忍义务3种类型。我国现行相关立法基于权利限制目的所设置的公法义务在规范性和体系性方面存在不足和欠缺。未来相关立法的修订应当转变规范陈述的表达方式,并且增加引入新的公法义务类型。

Study on rights restriction is of great significance to the development of theory and revision of future legislation about protection of architectural heritage in Beijing central axis. The rights restriction refers to the significant disadvantage and significant burden that rights holder of architectural heritage needs to bear in law, and its legitimate basis is that the architectural heritage itself carries the public interest in a relatively superior position.The introduction of the concept of obligations in public law is adopted to ensure the realization of rights restrictions at the institutional level. Based on the differences of content elements, the above obligations in public law can be divided into three types: obligation to act, omission obligation and tolerance obligation. Based on the purpose of rights restriction, the obligations in public law set up in the current relevant legislation have deficiencies in terms of normalization and system. Future legislation should change the expression of normative statements and introduce new types of obligations in public law.